history

Historical analysis of religious developments, events, and theological movements relevant to apologetics.

Rabbinic Cursing of Christians Members Public

There is an ancient Jewish prayer that seems to date back from a time shortly after the destruction of Jerusalem, where the Jews in their synagogues would curse the minim (heretics). The prayer is known as Birkat haMinim. The minim most definitely include Christians, since this was a title given

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
christianityjudaismhistory

Bible Error: How Old was Ahaziah? Members Public

The late Dr. Gleason L. Archer addressed the issue of Ahaziah’s reign and age, since 2 Kings. 8:26 states he was 22 whereas 2 Chronicles 22:2 states he was 42. When did Ahaziah ben Jehoram become king? 2 Kings 8:25 says that Ahaziah son of Jehoram

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
bibleisraelhistory

Josephus & the Divine Name Members Public

The following quote is taken from Josephus’ The War of the Jews 5:5, translated by William Whiston. He states that the Divine Name consists of 4 vowels. All emphasis is mine. ז. ובני משפחת הכהֻנה, אשר לא יכלו לשָׁרֵת בקֹדש מפני מום אשר בבשרם, היו

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
godhistoryjudaism

Hippolytus: The First Antipope Members Public

I upload the following post by Thomas V. Mirus: The First Antipope. The first four of the six popes covered in this installment found themselves in conflict with a priest named Hippolytus, the most brilliant intellectual of the Roman Church at the time. Hippolytus would become the first antipope in

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
catholicismchristianitychurch-history

Filioque, Petrine & Roman Primacy Members Public

The following excerpt is taken from Francis Dvornik, Byzantine missions among the Slavs. SS. Constantine-Cyril and Methodius (F. Dvornik, Byzantine missions among the Slavs - 6), pp. 189-192. The citations deal with the letter of Pope St. Stephen (Latin – Stephanus V, died September 14, 891) where he mentions that the

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
holy-spirithistorytheology

The Talmud: Jesus is Burning in Dung! Members Public

In this post I will be quoting from Peter Schäfer’s book Jesus in the Talmud, published by Princeton University Press in 2007. Here is what is written about him on Princeton University’s website: Peter Schäfer joined the faculty in 1998, appointed as the Ronald O. Perelman Professor of

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
jesusjudaismhistory

Eusebius on Origen Members Public

In this post I will be quoting excerpts from 4th century AD Church historian Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History the very controversial apologist and theologian Origen. Eusebius mentions the story of Origen castrating himself and also sought to refute the charge of Origen being a heretic. All emphasis will be mine. Chapter

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
church-historyhistorychristianity

Synod of Laodicea on the Sabbath Day Members Public

The Synod of Laodicea has been dated by scholars anywhere between the years 343 and 381 AD, between the Sardican and the Second Ecumenical Council. I quote what this Synod wrote in respect to Sabbath keeping. Canon 16 The Gospels are to be read on the Sabbath [i.e. Saturday]

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
canonchurch-historygospel
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