history
Historical analysis of religious developments, events, and theological movements relevant to apologetics.
Two Pharaohs who crucified? Paid Members Public
Various passages tell the story that Pharaoh's sorcerers believe in the signs and message of Moses, and then Pharaoh tries to threaten them with these words (Shakir's translation): I will certainly cut off your hands and your feet on opposite sides, then will I crucify you
Alexander the Great, a Muslim? Paid Members Public
Qur'an Contradiction: According to the Quran (Surah 18:89-98) Alexander the Great was a devout Muslim and lived to a ripe old age. Historical records however show that Alexander the Great died young at 33 years of age (356 - 323 B.C.), and believed he himself was
Contradictions in the Qur'an: Samaritans in the time of Moses? Paid Members Public
The Qur'an says that the calf worshipped by the Israelites at mount Horeb was molded by a Samaritan (Sura 20:85-87, 95-97). Yet the term `Samaritan' was not coined until 722 B.C., which is several hundred years after the events recorded in Exodus. Thus, the Samaritan
Textual Criticism of Bible and Qur'an Paid Members Public
Some notes on textual criticism of the Bible and the Qur'an Many Muslims try to capitalize in their debates on the fact that there are variant readings of Biblical text in the many manuscripts we have of it. This is natural for handcopied texts and nothing else can
John Burton and the Mushaf of Muhammad Paid Members Public
Sometimes Muslims make the following appeal: * The famous orientalist John Burton had stated in the conclusions of his book "The Collection of The Quraan": "What we have today in our hands is the Mushaf of Muhammad." ["The Collection of The Quraan", 1979, John Burton,
The Fifteenth Qira'at: The Abdullah Yusuf Ali Reading of the Qur'an Paid Members Public
The Fifteenth Qira'at The Abdullah Yusuf Ali Reading of the Qur'an Despite the common claim that the Qur'an is the same everywhere in the world, all manuscripts and copies of the Qur'an allegedly being identical letter for letter, better educated Muslims have
Muhammad's Cruelty Against the People of Ukl Paid Members Public
Muhammad's Cruelty Against the People of Ukl Sam Shamoun Bassam Zawadi replied to our criticism of Muhammads excessive cruelty towards the Uraynians. Zawadi writes: Muslims believe in equality, which is a universal principle. Surah 16:126 And if ye do catch them out, catch them out no worse
Muhammad and Safiyyah Revisited: Addressing the Polemics of A Muslim Dawagandist (Part 2) Paid Members Public
Muhammad and Safiyyah Revisited Addressing the Polemics of A Muslim Dawagandist (Part 2) Sam Shamoun Here, we resume our rebuttal (cf. Part 1) to Zawadis response. Exposing More of Zawadis Circular Reasoning Here is Zawadis response to my criticisms regarding Muhammads marriage to Juwayriyyah: I wish he continued what I