church-history
Historical studies on the development of Christian doctrine, early church writings, councils, and controversies.
FLORENCE AND THE CANON Paid Members Public
According to the online Catholic Encyclopedia, among the reasons why the Council of Florence was convened was to settle the issues of purgatory, the filioque and papal primacy in order to reunite the Oriental and Eastern Orthodox Churched with Rome: The Ferrara Council opened on 8 January, 1438, under the
ROGERS, MELITO & WISDOM Paid Members Public
A Review of Anthony Rogers’ “Melito and the Wisdom of Pseudo-Solomon” Uploaded to Academia.edu on 12/14/24[1] I’d like to begin this review by noting that although Rogers and I engage in our own respective spheres of apologetics, I do not believe there is sufficient grounds
Justin: Jesus Ministers the Father’s will Paid Members Public
Rev. Dr. Christiaan Kappes In my previous article “Follow up…” on Justin Martyr, I highlighted how contemporary scholars often abandon concentrating on narratives of Justin’s supposed subordinationism in contemporary-scholarly translations of Justin. Still there is literature out there by legitimate scholars that assumes Justin to be subordinationist, mainly due
EARLY CHURCH & DANIEL’S MESSIANISM Paid Members Public
In this post I will be citing the exegesis of two outstanding early Christian figures in respect to particular verses in Daniel which directly relate to Christ and the Trinity. All emphasis will be mine. I begin with Irenaeus’ views on the fourth figure in the fiery whom Nebuchadnezzar saw
GREGORY & CHRIST’S BEGETTING Paid Members Public
I quote the words of Gregory of Nyssa who refutes the claim that Christ is a creature of God due to his being eternally begotten. His insights and application of Romans 9:5 to the Son are simply masterful, and truly illuminated by the sovereign Holy Spirit. All emphasis will
ST. AMRBOSE & CHRIST’S DEITY Paid Members Public
The following extract is taken from St. Ambrose who refutes the claim that Christ’s begetting implies that was created. All emphasis will be mine. Chapter 7. The likeness of Christ to the Father is asserted on the authority of St. Paul, the prophets, and the Gospel, and especially in
EARLY CHURCH & THE CARMEN CHRISTI Paid Members Public
In this post I will be sharing some of the interpretations of Philippians 2:5-11 among the various Christian writers, theologians, bishops etc. for the first 400 hundred years of the Church. All emphasis will be mine. 100s AD Tertullian Of course the Marcionites suppose that they have the apostle
Follow up Q & A on Justin Martyr Paid Members Public
Rev. Dr. Christiaan Kappes Questions have come to me about alleged difficulties still left unanswered after my article on St. Justin Martyr proving a difference between “another God” (heteros theos) – meaning a personal difference in the same essence – and “other god” (allos theos) – meaning another essence numerically distinct and separate