church-history

Historical studies on the development of Christian doctrine, early church writings, councils, and controversies.

Pope Gregory VII, Muslims & God Members Public

The following Latin text is taken from the epistles of Pope Gregory VII, specifically in his letter to the Muslim king Anzir, written in 1076 AD. The epistle can be found on pp. 450-452 by clicking on this link: (https://archive.org/details/patrologiaecurs02unkngoog/page/n228/mode/2up. In

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
catholicismchurch-historyislam

Justin, Pagans & Gods Members Public

I quote St. Justin Martyr’s second defense of the Christian faith to the pagan rulers where he states that the gods worshiped by the Gentiles are actually the fallen, rebellious angels and the demons they sired from women who deceived them into thinking they were the divine beings worshiped

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
christianitychurch-historyangels

Catholic Encyclopedia, Muhammad & Islam Members Public

The following extracts are taken from Mohammed and Mohammedism. All emphasis will be mine. The founder… On his commercial journeys to Syria and Palestine he became acquainted with Jews and Christians, and acquired an imperfect knowledge of their religion and traditions. He was a man of retiring disposition, addicted to

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
islamcatholicismchurch-history

Catholic Encyclopedia, Jews & Muslims Members Public

This excerpt comes from the Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 8: Infamy-Lapparent, pp. 7-10. Here’s what the website states in respect to this encyclopedia: “This is Volume 8 of the 16-volume Catholic Encyclopedia whose editor-in-chief was Charles G. Herbermann. While teaching at City College in New

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
catholicismchurch-historyjudaism

Luther, Muslims, Jews and God Members Public

I quote from Martin Luther’s The Large Catechism | Book of Concord, Part II, Article III, to show what this “reformer” taught in respect to Jews and Muslims worshiping the one true God. All emphasis will be mine. 61  This, now, is the article which must ever be and remain

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
christianitychurch-historytheology

Melito, the Jews & the Hebrew Canon Members Public

The Christian historian Eusebius writes of Melito the bishop of Sardis, and mentions the OT canon list of the Jews which he catalogued for Onesimus in order that he might know from which books to draw prophetic evidences for the Christian faith, particularly in defense of the Church’s belief

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
canonchurch-historyjudaism

Patriarch Timothy I on Muhammad Members Public

The following excerpt is taken from The apology of Timothy the Patriarch before the Caliph Mahdi, translated by Alphonse Mingana, published by Manchester University Press, England, 1928, pp. 196-198. Timothy I (AD 780-823) was the Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East who made an apology for

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
islamchristianitychurch-history

Nyssa on the Angel of God Members Public

I quote what the great St. Gregory of Nyssa wrote in respect to the divine Angel that appeared to Moses being the prehuman Son of God in his work titled Against Eunomius, Book XI. Gregory refutes the assertion that God spoke through a created angel whim he used as his

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
angelsjesus-christtrinity
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