2025

2025 articles

Origen on God’s Uncreated Firstborn Son Members Public

In his refutation to the cynical pagan opponent of the Christian faith named Celsus, Origen affirms that Jesus Christ is the uncreated firstborn Son of God: Chapter 17 Since Celsus, moreover, from a desire to depreciate the accounts which our Scriptures give of the  kingdom of God, has quoted none

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
godjesus-christchristianity

2nd–4th Century AD Apologists on the Trinity Members Public

The following quotation is taken from the book authored by J. P. Moreland & William Lane Craig, Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview, published by IVP Academic Press, Downers Grove, Illinois, second edition, 2017, Part VI—Philosophy of Religion and Philosophical Theology, pp. 577-582. All emphasis will be mine. 2.

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
church-historytheologytrinity

The Bookend of John’s Prologue Members Public

The biblical authors, particularly the NT writers, employed a literary device known as inclusio, or a bookend. This is a literary feature (also known as bracketing or envelope structure/enveloping) wherein a passage begins and ends with the same or similar words, phrases, or themes. The author employs this to

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
biblebible-studygospel

God the Only-Begotten Members Public

The following excerpt is taken from the monumental work titled The Incarnate Christ and His Critics: A Biblical Defense, authored by Robert M. Bowman Jr. & J. Ed Komoszewski, published by Kregel Academic, Grand Rapids, MI, 2024, Part 3: The Name of Jesus: Jesus’ Divine Names, Chapter 23: Jesus as

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
godjesusjesus-christ

Athenagoras on the Trinity Members Public

The following excerpt is taken from Athenagoras’ A Plea for the Christians. The blessed apologist refutes the charge that Christians are atheists for denying the existence of the pagan pantheon, insisting that Christians love and worship the Trinity. He further proves that even the pagans and philosophers such as Plato

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
trinitychristianitygod

To Write or not to Write? Members Public

That is the Sunni Dilemma! According to Sunni writings, Muhammad expressly prohibited anyone from writing down his hadiths. The reason why he supposedly did this was to ensure that his words would not get mixed in or confused with the Quran: We must make a clear distinction between the Qur’

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
islamsunnahwriting

Q. 2:75-79, The Jews & the Fabricated Book Members Public

The Quran refers to a specific group of Jews writing down a book that wasn’t from God and tried to pass it off as being God’s revelation: Do you (faithful believers) covet that they will believe in your religion in spite of the fact that a party of

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
quranislamjudaism

Hilary: God is the Trinity Pt. 2 Members Public

This post is a continuation of my previous one from blessed St. Hilary of Poitier’s work On the Trinity, Book VII: Hilary: God is the Trinity. Here I provide more quotes from that same section showing how this holy saint confirmed that the phrase “one God” does not refer

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun
godtrinitychurch-history
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