Answering Islam - Sam Shamoun Theology (Page 2)

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2nd–4th Century AD Apologists on the Trinity

The following quotation is taken from the book authored by J. P. Moreland & William Lane Craig, Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview, published by IVP Academic Press, Downers Grove, Illinois, second edition, 2017, Part VI—Philosophy of Religion and Philosophical Theology, pp. 577-582. All emphasis will be mine. 2.

The Bookend of John’s Prologue

The biblical authors, particularly the NT writers, employed a literary device known as inclusio, or a bookend. This is a literary feature (also known as bracketing or envelope structure/enveloping) wherein a passage begins and ends with the same or similar words, phrases, or themes. The author employs this to

God the Only-Begotten

The following excerpt is taken from the monumental work titled The Incarnate Christ and His Critics: A Biblical Defense, authored by Robert M. Bowman Jr. & J. Ed Komoszewski, published by Kregel Academic, Grand Rapids, MI, 2024, Part 3: The Name of Jesus: Jesus’ Divine Names, Chapter 23: Jesus as

Athenagoras on the Trinity

The following excerpt is taken from Athenagoras’ A Plea for the Christians. The blessed apologist refutes the charge that Christians are atheists for denying the existence of the pagan pantheon, insisting that Christians love and worship the Trinity. He further proves that even the pagans and philosophers such as Plato

To Write or not to Write?

That is the Sunni Dilemma! According to Sunni writings, Muhammad expressly prohibited anyone from writing down his hadiths. The reason why he supposedly did this was to ensure that his words would not get mixed in or confused with the Quran: We must make a clear distinction between the Qur’

Q. 2:75-79, The Jews & the Fabricated Book

The Quran refers to a specific group of Jews writing down a book that wasn’t from God and tried to pass it off as being God’s revelation: Do you (faithful believers) covet that they will believe in your religion in spite of the fact that a party of

Hilary: God is the Trinity Pt. 2

This post is a continuation of my previous one from blessed St. Hilary of Poitier’s work On the Trinity, Book VII: Hilary: God is the Trinity. Here I provide more quotes from that same section showing how this holy saint confirmed that the phrase “one God” does not refer

Cyprian, Petrine Primacy & the Mother Church

St. Cyprian of Carthage wrote about the unity of the Church, claiming that it is only one and the mother of all true believers. The holy saint grounded the Church’s unity in the primacy of Peter, to whom all the other Apostles were bound and with whom they were

Early Church on Romans 8:29-34 & 9:5

Christian Writers on Foreknowledge, Predestination, Baptism & the Trinity The excerpts cited here are taken from Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture New Testament VI (Romans), edited by Gerald Bray and Thomas C. Oden, published by IVP Press, Downers Grove, IL, 2005. All emphasis will be mine. 8:29 Conformed to

Dead Sea Scrolls & Biblical Theology

With the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) in 1947, manuscripts were discovered which give us a window into the specific beliefs and practices of a certain Jewish group living around the area of Jerusalem. One such scroll is known as the Community Rule, and highlights some of the