MIDRASHIC PSALMS ON GODโSย SPIRIT
Table of Contents
The following quotations are taken from the Midrash Tehillim. These citations show that even the rabbis believed that the Holy Spirit is a divine Person who speaks as and for YHWH God, All emphasis will be mine.
PSALM 5
ืืืจ ืืืจ ืื ืื ืืืืืช. ืื ืฉืืืจ ืืืชืื (ืืฉืื ื ืื) ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉ. ืืืจ ืจโ ืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืจื (ืืฉืื ื ืื) ืืฉืืืื ืขืืฉืจ ืืืืื. ืืื ื ืขื ืืื. ืืจืื ืืงืืฉ ืืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉ. ืืืื ืื ืขื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืชืขืกืงื ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืช ืืชืืจื. ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืฉื ื ืื) ืโ ืงื ื ื ืจืืฉืืช ืืจืื:
Another explanation of the inheritance: That which the verse says (Proverbs 8:21), โTo cause those who love me to inherit substance.โ Rabbi Chanina said, โThe Torah says (Proverbs 3:16), โIn her left hand, riches and honor, and in her right hand, length of days.โ And for the poor.โ And the Holy Spirit responds and says, โTo cause those who love ME to inherit substance.โ Why are they poor in this world? So that they should not occupy themselves with frivolous matters and forget the Torah. And so it says (Proverbs 8:22), โThe Lord acquired me as the beginning of His way.โ
PSALM 17
ืงืืื ืโ ืงืืื ืคื ืื ืืืจืืขืื. ืจโ ืคืื ืืก ืืฉื ืจโ ืืืฉืขืื ืืืจ ืืืฉ ืขืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืงืโื ืืืื ืืกืคืจ ืชืืืื. ืืจืืขื ืื ืื ืืจืืขื ืืืืืืช ืฉืจืื ืืืชื ืืจืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืืื ืื ืขืชืืืืช ืืฉืขืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืขื ืื ืืืช ืืืืช. ืืืืืฉืืช ืฉืจืื ืืืืืช ืฉื ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืงื ืืืืืจ ืืืงืโื (ืชืืืื ื ืื) ืงืืื ืโ ืื ื ืฉื ืืื. ืืืจ ืืคื ืื ืจืืื ื ืฉื ืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืชื. ืืืื ืืืืจ ืงืืื ืโ ืื ื ืฉื ืืื. ืืฉื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืื ืขืืืจ ืื ืืจ ืืื ื ืขืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืขืืืจื ืืืฉืืืืข ืืืฆื ืื ืืจ ื ืชืืืจื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืขืื ืขื ืจืืฉ ืื ื. ืืื ืฆืขืง ืื ื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืข. ืื ืืจืืข ืืืืืืช ืืฉืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืฉืขืื ืื ืื) ืืื ืืืื ืขืืื ืจืืื. ืืืฉืจืื ืืืืขืื ืืชืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืชืืืื ืกื ื) ืืืขืชื ืืืื ืืฆืืื ืืืื ืืขืื. ืืืืืื ืืงืโื ืขืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืฆื. ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืฉืขืื ืื ื) ืื ืชืขืืืจ ืืืื ืืชื ืื ื. ืืืืื ืฉืฆืคื ืืื ืฉืคืขืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืชืืืจืื ืืฉืืืืช ืฉื ื ืืจ ืืฉืืฃ ืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืชืืื ืฆืืื (ืชืืืื ื ืื) ืงืืื ืโ ืื ื ืฉื ืืืื. ืืจืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืขืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืฉื ืกื ืื) ืื ืชืฉืืคื ื ืฉืืืืช ืืื. ืืคืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืงืืื ืโ ืืืืจ ืฉืืืขืชื. ืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืื ื ื ืืฉื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืจืื ืื ื) ืื ืืฉื ืื ืฉืืื ืืื. ืืืืืจ (ืืฉืขืื ืื ืื) ืื ื ืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืื:
โGod arose, His enemies scattered; His foes fled before Him.โ (Psalm 68:1-2) Rabbi Pinchas, in the name of Rabbi Oshaya, said that God established five standing positions for David in the Book of Psalms. Four of them correspond to the four kingdoms that he saw in a vision through the Holy Spirit and how they would subjugate Israel, and God stood by each one of them. The fifth position corresponds to the kingdom of Gog, who will come to Israel with strength and say to God, โArise, Lord, lift up Your hand.โ David said to God, โMy Lord, there is no one to join with her except You.โ
What is meant by โArise, Lord, lift up Your handโ? It can be compared to a strong man who was crossing a river with his son when he grabbed his hand to help him pass. When they reached the middle of the river, the current became stronger and the rope snapped, causing his son to be carried away by the current. Immediately, the father cried out and said, โFather, raise your hand and save me from drowning.โ So too, the four kingdoms rule over the waters, as it is stated, โWoe to the multitude of many peopleโ (Isaiah 17:12), and Israel is drowning within it, as it is stated, โI am sinking in deep mire, and there is no standingโ (Psalm 69:3).
If not for the Holy One, blessed be He, being with them, they would not have been able to escape, as it is stated, โWhen you pass through the waters, I will be with youโ (Isaiah 43:2). And when David saw that sin causes them to become stronger like a current of a river to wash away Israel, he began to cry out, โArise, O Lord, with Your hand, save me from drowning.โ Therefore, he says, โArise, O Lord, remember Your oathโ (Psalm 10:12). He said to him, โAs your soul lives, I raise My Hand, as it is stated, โFor I lift up My hand to heavenโโ (Deuteronomy 32:40), and it is stated, โBehold, I will lift up My hand to the nationsโ (Isaiah 49:22).โ
โโฆ Rabbi Elazar said that the Holy Spirit appeared in three places: in the court of Shem, as it says (Genesis 38:26), โAnd Judah recognized and said, โShe is more righteous than I.โโ Perhaps he did not say this, but rather someone else said it in his presence. A Heavenly Voice went forth and said, โShe is more righteous than he.โ In the court of Samuel, as it says (1 Samuel 12:3), โHere I am; testify against me before the Lord and before His anointed.โ And they said, โYou have not defrauded us.โ A Heavenly Voice went forth and said, โHe is telling the truth in this matter.โ In the court of Solomon, as it says (1 Kings 3:26), โGive her the living child, and by no means kill him.โ She is his mother. A Heavenly Voice went forth and said, โShe is his mother.โโฆโ
PSALM 52
ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื. ืื ืฉืืืจ ืืืชืื (ืืฉืื ืื ืื) ืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืื. ืฉืืื ืชืืื ืืืฉืื. ืื ืืืงืฉ ืืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืื ืืจืข ืืืืจ. ืืื ืืงืฉ ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืจ. ืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืชื ื ืจืฉืืช ืืืฉืื ื ืืจืื ื ืืืืจ ืื ืฉืื ื ืืืงืฉ. ืืืจ ืืืืืจื ืืชืืจื ืืืืจื (ืชืืืื ืื ืื) ื ืฆืืจ ืืฉืื ื ืืจืข. ืืื ืชืืืจ ืฉืื ืืชื ืืคืกืื ืืืื. ืืก ืืฉืืื ืฉืืชื ืืฉืชืืจ ืืจืื ืืงืืฉ ืฆืืืืช ืืืืืจืช (ืืฉืื ืื ืื) ืฉืืืจ ืคืื ืืืฉืื ื. ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืื. ืจืื ืืื ืงืฉื ืืฉืื ืืจืข ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืฆืืื ืืชืื ืคืื ืขื ืฉืืื ืืืคืจ ืืขืืงืจ. ืฉื ืืืจ (ืชืืืื ืื ื) ืืฉืจ ืืืจื ืืืฉืื ื ื ื ืืืืจ ืฉืคืชืื ื ืืชื ื ืื ืืืื ืื ื. ืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ื. ืืืืืื ืืงืโื ืฆืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืืจ (ืฉื ืฆื ืื) ืื ืืงืื ืื ืขื ืืจืขืื. ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ื. ืืืฃ ืืืื ื ืืืืจืช ืืืืืจืช ืื ืืื ื ืืืืื. ืืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืื ืื ื ืืืืขืื ืืืช ืืืืื. ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืฉื ืงื ื) ืืฆื ืืืืจ ืฉื ืื ืื ืขื ืืืื ืจืชืืื. ืืืจ ืืงืโื ืืืฉืจืื ืื ืจืฆืื ืื ืืื ืฆื ืืืืื ื ืืจืืืงื ืขืฆืืื ืืืฉืื ืืจืข ืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื. ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉื ืื ืื) ืื ืืืืฉ ืืืคืฅ ืืืื. ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื ืืขืฉื ืืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืกืื ืืขืืืจืืช ืฉื ืฆืคืืจืื ืืืโ. ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืื. ืืืืื ืฉื ืชืื ืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืช ืืื ืืฉืื. ืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืื. ืืื ืชืืื ืืืฉืื. ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืืช ืืืืื. ืื ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืืืื ืืคื ืฉืืชืืจื ื ืงืจื ืขืฅ ืืืื. ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืฉืื ื ืื) ืขืฅ ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืงืื ืื. ืืืชืืจื ืจืคืืื ืืืฉืื. ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉื ืื ื) ืืจืคื ืืฉืื ืขืฅ ืืืื. ืืื ืื ืฉืขืืกืง ืืืฉืื ืืจืข ืืชืืืื ืื ืคืฉืืช. ืื ืืจืื ืืื ืงืฉื ืืฉืื ืืจืข ืืขืืืื ืืจื ืืืืืื ืขืจืืืช ืืฉืคืืืืช ืืืื. ืื ืืฉืืฉ ืขืืืจืืช ืืืื ืืชืื ืืืื ืืืืื. ืืืืฉืื ืืจืข ืืชืื ืืืืืืช. ืืฉืื ืืืืจืช ืืืืืืช ืืืโ. ืืขืืืื ืืจื ืืชืื (ืฉืืืช ืื ืื) ืื ื ืืื ืืขื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื. ืืืืืืื ืขืจืืืช ืืชืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื ื) ืืืื ืืขืฉื ืืจืขื ืืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืชื ืืืืงืื. ืืืฉืคืืืืช ืืืื ืืชืื (ืฉื ื ืื) ืืืื ืขืื ื ืื ืฉืื. ืื ืืืืืืขื ืฉืงืฉื ืืฉืื ืืจืข ืืฉืืฉ ืืขืืืจืืช ืืืื. ืืืจ ืืืจ ืฉืืืืจื ืืช ืื ืคืฉ ืืื ื ืืืจื ืืื ื ืคืฉ ืืืช. ืืืืืืจ ืืฉืื ืืจืข ืืืจื ืฉืืฉื. ืืืกืคืจื ืืืืงืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืขืืื. ืืื ืื ืืชื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืฉืื ืืจืข ืขื ืืืืืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืื ืืจืื ืฉืืฉืชื. ืฉืืื ืฉืงืืื. ืืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืขืืื. ืืืืื ืฉืืืจื. ืฉืืื ืฉืงืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืจื ืืืืื-ื ื ืื) ืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืขืื. ืืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืขืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉืืืื-ื ืื ืื) ืืืช ืชืืืช ืืืืืื. ืืืืื ืฉืืืจื ืฉื ืืจื ืื ืืขืืื. ืฉื ืืืจ ืื ืื ืืชืฆื ืื ืฆื. ืื ืืื ืืขืืื. ืืื ืืจื ืื. ืืฉืื ืืจืข. ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื:
Another thing to consider is the matter of the redoubtable tongue. As it is written in Proverbs 18:21, โDeath and life are in the power of the tongue,โ meaning that everything depends on the tongue. If a person seeks to speak evil, he should say nothing, and if he seeks to speak good, he should speak up. Therefore, one should not say, โSince I have the authority, I will speak whatever I want.โ The Torah has already warned us and said in Psalm 34:14, โKeep your tongue from evil.โ And if you say that you lose nothing by doing so, beware, for the Holy Spirit cries out and says in Proverbs 21:23, โHe who guards his mouth and his tongue, guards his soul from troubles.โ Another point is that death and life are in the power of the tongue. See how difficult it is to remove evil speech from oneโs mouth, to the extent that a person denies it altogether, as it is said in Psalm 12:5, โWho said, โWith our tongue we will prevail; our lips are with usโwho is master over us?'โ And who can stand against them in Gehenna? As it were, the Almighty shouts out to those who speak evil and says in Psalm 94:16, โWho will rise up for me against the wicked?โ And who can withstand them in Gehenna? And even Gehenna itself says to Him, โI am unable.โ And the Holy One, blessed be He, replies to her, โI am above and you are below,โ as it says in Psalm 120:4, โSharp arrows of the mighty with coals of the broom tree.โ The Almighty said to Israel, โIf you want to be saved from Gehenna, distance yourselves from evil speech, and you will merit the World to Come,โ as it is said in Psalm 34:13, โWho is the man who desires life?โ
Our Rabbis said that there was a story about a peddler who was traveling around the towns of Tzefuria, and so on. Another point is that death and life are in the power of the tongue. The livelihood of figs: if one eats without blessing, it is death in the power of the tongue; if one eats and blesses, it is life in the power of the tongue. Everything depends on the tongue. โIf one merits the Torah, one merits life, as the Torah is called the Tree of Life. As it is written (Proverbs 3:18), โShe is a tree of life to those who grasp her.โ And the Torah is a remedy for the tongue, as it is written (Proverbs 15:4), โA soothing tongue is a tree of life.โ Therefore, one who speaks negatively about others is endangering lives. Come and see how severe the sin of speaking negatively is, greater even than idol worship, sexual immorality, and murder. For it is written that with these three sins, it is written โgreatโ and in regards to speaking negatively it is written โgreat transgressions.โ The tongue speaks of great things, etc. Concerning idol worship, it is written (Exodus 32:31), โPlease, this people has committed a great sin.โ Concerning sexual immorality, it is written (Genesis 39:9), โHow can I commit this great evil and sin against God?โ Concerning murder, it is written (Genesis 4:13), โMy punishment is too great to bear.โ I have come to inform you that speaking negatively is more difficult than these three sins.
Another matter is that one who kills a person, only kills one soul. But one who speaks negatively kills three: the one who speaks, the one who is spoken about, and the one who listens. And where do we learn this? From the concern expressed by Doeg, who spoke negatively about Ahimelech before Saul, and three were killed: Saul, who accepted his words, Ahimelech, who was spoken about, and Doeg, who spoke. And how do we know this? From the verse that states concerning Saul, โSo Saul died for his unfaithfulness which he had committed against the Lord, because he did not keep the word of the Lord, and also because he consulted a medium for guidanceโ (1 Chronicles 10:13), and concerning Ahimelech, it is written (1 Samuel 22:16), โAhimelech died, and his fatherโs household.โ And concerning Doeg, it is stated that he was driven from the world, as it is written (Psalm 52:9), โI will forever praise You for what You have done; in Your name I will put my trust, for Your faithful ones have sought refuge in You.โ From the life of the world. And who caused this? Negative speech, as it is written concerning Doeg, who informed Saul.โ
PSALM 58
ืืื ืฆื ืื ืชืฉืืช. ืืืื ื ืืื ืฆืืง. ืืืจ ืฉืืื (ืืฉืื ืื ื) ืืคืืคื ืืจื ืืืฉ ืืืจ. ืืคืืคืืื ืื ืืจืฉืขืื ืืืื ื ืขืืืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืืื. ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืคืืคื. ืืืฉ ืืืจ ืืืื (ืฉืืืื-ื ืื ืื) ืฆืืืง ืืชื ืืื ื. ืื ื ืขืฉืืชืื ืฆืืืง ืฉืืฆืืชื ืืืงืฉ ืืช ื ืคืฉื ืืืืื ืืฆืืชืื ืืจืืชืื. ืืื ื ื ืคืืชื ืืืื ืืื ืืจืืชื ื. ืืื ืฆืืืง ืืื ื. ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืืฉืื ืื ืื) ืืชืจ ืืจืขืื ืฆืืืง. ืืจืขืื ืื ืฉืืื. ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉืืืื-ื ืื ืื) ืืจืขื ืืืื. ืฆืืืง ืื ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืื ืืฉืืื (ืฉืืืื-ื ืื ืื-ืื) ืืขืชื ืืฉืืขื ืื. ืืืฉืืข ืืื ืืฉืืื. ืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืขืจื ื ืขืฉื ืฆืืืง. ืื ืืืืข ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ื ื ืื ืกืื ืืืืฆืืืื ืืืชื ืืฉื ืืืืชืืื ืืืชื ืืืจ ืืืจ ืื ืชืืืจื. ืืื ืฉืืข ืืงืืื ืืื ืืจืืฃ ืืืจืื. ืืื (ืฉื ืื ื) ืืืงื ืืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืฃ. (ืฉื ื) ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืฉื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืฉื ืืืขืื. ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืื ืฉื ืืชื ืืื ืชืจืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืฉื ืื) ืื ืชืจืืืช ืโ ื ืคืื ืขืืืื. ืืื ืฉืืื ืืฉื. (ืฉื ื-ื) ืืืืืจ ืืืืฉื ืื ืืื ืกืืจ ืืืงืื ืืช ืืืืื. ืืืืืจ ืื ืชืฉืืืชืื. ืืื ืืื ืฆื ืื ืชืฉืืช. (ืฉื ื) ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืโ ืื ืโ ืืืคื ื. ืืืื ืฉื ื ืคืขืืื ืโ ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืื ืโ ืื ืชืืจืืื ืืื ืชืืจืืื ืื ืโ ืื ื ืืืจืื ืืืชื. ืืืจ ืืืจ ื ืฉืืข ืขื ืืฆืจ ืืจืข ืืืขืจ ืื. (ืฉื ืื) ืืืงื ืืื ืืช ืืื ืืช ืืืช ืฆืคืืช ืืืื. (ืฉื ืื) ืืืงืจื ืืื ืื ืืขื ืืืโ ืืื ืชืขื ื ืืื ืจ. ืืืจ ืื ืื ืืฉ ืื ืืขื ืืช. ืืจื ืืืจืช ืขื ืืืจ ืืืขืจื ืืืื ืืื ืขืืฉื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ื ืื ืกืื ืืฉื ืืืืชืืื ืืืชื ืืืจ ืืืจ. ืื ืืืืจ ืืกืืจื ืืืขืื. ืืื ืืช ืืฆืคืืช ืื ืืฉ ืืขื ืืช. ืืื ืชืขื ื ืืื ืจ. ืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืขื ืืช ื ืขืฉื ืืื. ืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืฆืืง ืชืืืจืื ืืืฉืจืื ืชืฉืคืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืืฆืืง ืจืืคืชื ืืืจื ืฉืืืจื ืชืืจื (ืืืจืื ืื ื) ืฆืืง ืฆืืง ืชืจืืืฃ. ืื ืฆืืง ืฉืคืืชื ืฉืื ืืชืื (ืืืงืจื ืื ืื) ืืฆืืง ืชืฉืคืื ืขืืืชื. ืืคื ืขืฉืืชื ืื ืขืืฉืื ืืืฉืจืื ืชืฉืคืื ืื ื ืืื. ืืื ืืื ืฆืืง ืชืืืจืื. ืืฃ ืืื ืขืืืืช ืชืคืขืืื. ืืจื ืจืฉืขืื ืืจืื. ืืจืื ืืจืืชื. ืชืขื ืืืื. ืืืื ืืฆืืืงืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ื ื ืืจื ืืื ืืืืช. ืฉื ืืืจ (ืชืืืื ืื ื) ืืืืืจ ืืืช ืืืืื. ืืืชื ืื ืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืฃ ืืื ืขืืืืช ืชืคืขืืื. ืืจืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืืืจ ืขื ืืื ืืจืืื (ืืจืืื ื ื) ืืจื ืืฆืจื ืืืื ืืืขืชืื. ืืื ืืฉืขืื ืืืืจ (ืืฉืขืื ืื ื) ืโ ืืืื ืงืจืื ื. ืืืจืื ืืจืฉืขืื ื ืืืจืื. ืืื ืืชื ืืืฆื ืืขืฉื ืืจืฉืข ืขื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืื. ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื ืื) ืืืชืจืืฆืฆื ืืื ืื ืืงืจืื. ืฉืืื ืืจืฆืฅ ืขื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืื. ืืืจ ืืฃ ืืชื ืืจืื ืืจืืชื. ืืจื ืจืฉืขืื ืืจืื. ืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืช ื ืืฉ. ืืฉืจ ืื ืืฉืืข ืืงืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืืจ ืืืจืื ืืืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืชื ืืืืขืื ืื ืขืฉื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืื ืืฉ ืฉืืืจ ืืช ืฉืื ืื ืืขืืฉืื ืืืื ืขืคืจ. ืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืขืืฉื ืืื (ืืจืืก) [ืืจืก] ืฉื ืืื ืืคืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืจืชื ืืฉืื ืืจืข ืืชื ื ืืคืืื ืืืืื ื ืืืฉ ืืืืืช ืืชืื. ืฉื ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืืื ืชืืก ืืืื ื ืคื ืืฉืช. ืืื ืืชื ืจืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืขืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืืฉ. ืืื ืืฆืืืงืื (ืืืืื ื ื) ืืืจืื ืืื ืืจืื ืฉืื ืฉืืฉ ืฆืืงื. ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืื ืฆืืืง ืื ืืื ื ืงื:
โDo not destroy the conqueror. Is justice truly mute? As Solomon said (Proverbs 21:8), โThe way of a man may be straight in his own eyes, but the Lord weighs the heart.โ The โcrookedโ ones are the wicked who do not stand by their words, saying and then annulling them. This is how Saul was โcrooked.โ Just last night he said to David (1 Samuel 24:18), โYou are more righteous than I, for you have rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded you evil. And you have declared this day how you have dealt well with me; for when the Lord gave me into your hand, you did not kill me. For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go away safe? Therefore may the Lord reward you with good for what you have done to me this day. And now, behold, I know that you shall surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in your hand.โ This is what it means (Proverbs 12:26), โThe righteous is more excellent than his neighbor.โ His neighbor refers to Saul, as it is said (1 Samuel 24:11), โAnd you are seeking to take my life.โ The righteous one is David, who said to Saul (1 Samuel 24:22-23), โSwear now therefore unto me by the Lord, that you will not cut off my seed after me, and that you will not destroy my name out of my fatherโs house.โ So Saul swore to David. As soon as Saul had departed, his men said to him, โBehold, we see that the king is in your hands, and that you did not kill him. Therefore now be content and let your heart rejoice.โ David replied (1 Samuel 26:9), โDo not destroy him; for who can stretch forth his hand against the Lordโs anointed, and be guiltless?โ (1 Samuel 26) And David said, โAs the Lord lives, surely the Lord shall strike him; or his day shall come to die; or he shall descend into battle, and perish.โ Why did he mention the name of the Lord twice? To tell him, โBy the life of the Lord, do not kill him; and if you kill him, by the life of the Lord, I will kill you.โ Another explanation is that he swore an oath against the evil inclination and rebuked it. (1 Samuel 12) And David took the spear and the jug of water. (1 Samuel 26)
And David called to the people, โYou should answer, Abner.โ He said to him, โWhat do you have to answer? You spoke about the matter of the cave โ if someone would harm you, we would enter there and cut him to pieces. Or speak about the incident with the water jug and spear โ what do you have to answer?โ Abner had nothing to say, so he remained silent. Therefore, David said to them, โYou should speak with righteousness and judge with fairness. In righteousness, you pursued him, as the Torah says (Deuteronomy 16:20), โJustice, justice shall you pursue.โ Or, you judged with righteousness, as it is written (Leviticus 19:15), โYou shall judge your neighbor with righteousness.โโ Well done, that you do so with fairness. Therefore, speak righteousness even in your hearts.โ You shall cast out the wicked from your womb. You shall cast out the wicked from your heart. This heart was created only for truth, as it is said (Psalm 15:2), โHe who speaks the truth in his heart.โ But you were not like this; even in your heart, you acted wickedly. And the Holy Spirit says through Jeremiah (Jeremiah 1:5), โBefore I formed you in the womb, I knew you.โ And likewise, Isaiah says (Isaiah 49:1), โThe Lord called me from the womb.โ And the wickedness in the womb is evident, as you see in Esau, who struggled with his brother in his motherโs womb, as it is said (Genesis 25:22), โAnd the children struggled together within her.โ For he was crushing with his brother in his motherโs womb. He said, โYou also have cast out the wicked. Cast out the wicked from your heart. Why do you rage like the rage of a serpent, which does not listen to the voice of enchanters, however skilled they may be?โ He said to them, โDo you not know what the Holy One, blessed be He, did to the serpent, which broke its teeth and now eats dust? Thus the Holy One, blessed be He, will do to you who have put out your tongue against Him.โ He said to them, โThe Holy One, blessed be He, said, โYou spoke evil speech; you will fall into Gehenna, and fire will consume you,โ as it is said (Psalm 58:9), โLike the snail that melts away as it goes.'โ Do you not see that the sun always shines, but only the righteous (Malachi 3:20) โwill be glad when they see the vengeanceโ? And likewise, it is said (Proverbs 24:17), โDo not rejoice when your enemy falls.โ
PSALM 91
ืืืืจ ืืโ ืืืกื ืืืฆืืืชื. ืืืกื ืืื ืชื. ืืฆืืืชื ืงืกืืจื ืืืื. ืืืงื ืืืื ืื. ืืื ืืืจืช ืื (ืฉืืืช ืื ื) ืืขืฉื ืื ืืงืืฉ ืืฉืื ืชื. ืื ืขืฉืืช ืื ืืืงื ืืืื ืื. ืฉืืฉืื ืื ื ืฆื ืืช ืืจืฉืขืื ืืืืจืืื ืืืืื ื. ืืฉืืื ืจืื ืืงืืฉ ืืืืืจืช ืื ืื ืืื ืืฆืืื ืืคื. ืืฆืืืชื ืืฆืืืื. ืืืืจ ืืืืช. ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื. ืืืืจืชื ืืกื ืื. ืืืจ ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืงืืฉ ืืืื ืื ื ืขืืฉื ืืื ืื ืฉืกืืืจ ืืืืชืชื ืฉื ืชืืจื. ืฆื ื ืืกืืืจื ืืืชื. ืืืจ ืจืฉืโื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืชื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืืืขืืื. ืืืืื ืฉื ืชื ืืงืโื ืืืฉืจืื ืืกืื ื ืืื ืฉื ืืคืืจืฉ ืืชืื ืขืืื. ืื ืชืืจื ืืคืื ืืืื. ืืืจ ืจโ ืืจืืื ืืฉ ืื ืฉืืื ืคืืจื ืืขืืฃ ืืื ืืงืืฉื ืืืฅ. ืืื ืืฆืืื ืืื ื ืฉืืื ืืงื. ืื ืืื ืืฆืืื ืืคื ืืงืืฉ. ืืขื ืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืขืืืก ื ื) ืืืขืื ืคื ืื ืืืืื ืืชืคืื ืฆืคืืจ ืื ืคื. ืืืชืื (ืืืจืื ืื ื ื) ืื ืืงืจื ืงื ืฆืคืืจ ืืคื ืื ืฉืื ืชืฉืื:
I say to the Lord, โYou are my refuge and fortress. In you I trust.โ My refuge is in your wings, and my fortress is in the castle of my Lord. I trust in Him, for He did not say to me, โBuild a sanctuary for me, and I will dwell there.โ If He had, I would have trusted in it. In His name, I pursue and cast down the wicked to Gehenna. The Holy Spirit responds and tells me that He will save me from the trap. The hunterโs fortress is in the wilderness, where he brings life to the world. With His wings, He covers you. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said that he rewards anyone who deals with the truth of the Torah. The truth is the armor and the shield. Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai said that the instrument of truth in the Torah is the vessel. The vessel that God gave to Israel at Sinai has it written on it, โDo not fear the terror by night.โ Rabbi Berachiah said that some people are like a bird that flies and shoots like an arrow. Who will save you from the trap? The messenger of the nest will save you from the snare, as it is written, โWill a trap be set for a bird on the ground, when it is in a snare?โ And it is written, โIf you come across a birdโs nest in any tree or on the ground, with young ones or eggs, and the mother bird is sitting on the young or on the eggs, do not take the mother bird with the young.โ
PSALM 105
ืืืชืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื. ืืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืฉืจื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉื ืื ื) ืืืื ืจืขื ืืืจืฅ ืืืจื ืืืจื ืืฆืจืืื. ืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืขืฉืงื ืืื ืืืฆืจืื. ืืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืคืจืขื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื ืื) ืืื ืืข ืโ ืืช ืคืจืขื ื ืืขืื ืืืืืื. ืื ืชืืขื ืืืฉืืื. ืืืจ ืจืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืืืืช. ืืื ืืืื ืื ืชืจืขื ืืื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ื ืืืืืช. ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืจืื ืืฆืืง (ืฉื ืื ืื) ืืืืื ืืจืืงื ืืช ืืืจื ืขืฉื. ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืจ ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉื ืื) ืืืืืจ ืขืฉื ืืืื. ืืื ืจืื ืืงืืฉ ืืืื ืื:
โThey journeyed from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another. Speaking about Abraham and Sarah, as it is written (Genesis 12:10), โNow there was a famine in the land, and Abram went down to Egypt to dwell there, for the famine was severe in the land.โ No one was allowed to oppress them, these Egyptians. Kings, such as Abimelech and Pharaoh, rebuked them, as it is written (Genesis 12:17), โBut the Lord afflicted Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues because of Sarai, Abramโs wife.โ Do not touch My anointed ones, said Rabbi Berechiah; referring to the Patriarchs. And in the Prophets, do not harm My prophets; referring to the prophetesses. Rabbi Yudan said in the name of Rabbi Isaac (Genesis 27:42), โAnd Rebekah was told of the words of Esau.โ Who told her, since it is written (Genesis 27:41), โEsau spoke to himselfโ? It was the Holy Spirit that told her.
PSALM 118
ืื ืืืฆืจ ืงืจืืชื ืื. ืืื ืื ืืืฆืจ ืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืฉืจืื ืงืืจืืื ืืืงืโื ืืื ืขืื ื ืืืชื. ืงืจืืืื ืืฉืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื ื) ืืื ืฉืื ืืืจื ืืืชื. ืืขื ื ืืืชื ืืฉืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉื ืื ืื) ืื ื ืื ืฉืื ืคืจื ืืจืื. ืงืจืืืื ืืืืงืื (ืฉื ืื ื) ืโ ืืืงืื ืื ืชืชื ืื. ืืขื ื ืืืชื ืืืืงืื (ืฉืืืช ื ืื) ืืชืขื ืฉืืขืชื ืื ืืืืงืื. ืงืจืืืื ืืโ (ืืืจืื ืื ื) ืื ืฆืขืง ืื ืโ. ืืขื ื ืืืชื ืืโ (ืฉื) ืืืฉืืข ืโ ืืช ืงืืื ื. ืงืจืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืฆืจ ืงืจืืชื ืื ืืขื ื ื ืืืจืื ืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืฉื ื ื) ืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืงืื ืงืจืืืื ืืืื ืืโ ืืืงืื ื ืืื ืงืจืื ื ืืืื. ืืืจ ืืืจ ืื ืืืฆืจ ืืืืจ ืืืฆืจืื (ืฉืืืช ื ืื) ืืืืจืจื ืืช ืืืืื ืืืโ. ืขื ื ื ืืงืโื ืืืจืื ืื ืฉืืจืืื ืื ืืงืโื ืื ืคื ืืกืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืชืืืื ืกื ืื) ืื ืคื ืืื ื ื ืืคื ืืืกืฃ. ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืืื. ืืฉืขื ืฉืืจื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืชื ืฉืขื ื ืฉื ืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืืืจ (ืฉื ืงืื ื) ืฉืืจ ืืืขืืืช ืืฉื ืขืื ื ืื ืืืจืื. ืืฉืืืชื ืจืื ืืงืืฉ ืืืืจื ืื (ืฉื ื) ืื ืืชื ืืืื ืจืืืื ืื ืื ืื ืฉืืืจื. ืืืจืื. ืฉืืจืืื ืื ืืงืโื ืฉืืืจื ืืืจืื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืขื ืืื ื ืคืืฉืชืื (ืฉืืืื-ื ืื ื ื) ืืืฉืืื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืง ืืืจื ืคืืฉืชืื:
ืืืช ืโ ืืืชื ืืืช ืืื ื ืคืืืช ืืขืื ืื ื. ืืืืจ ืืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืขื ืฉืืื ืืฉืืขืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืฆืื ืืชืืืื ืืชื ืฉืืื ืืขื ื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืฆืจืืื ืชืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืืจืื ืขื ืขืืฉืื ืืืืชื ืืฉืืขืืืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืงืฉื ืืขืืฉืื ืืชื ืืชื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืื. ืืืฉืจืื ืืฉืืืื ืืืชื ืืืืืจืื ืืื ืืชื ืชืืืื ืขืืื ื ืื ื ืชืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉืืจ ืืฉืืจืื ื ืื) ืื ืืืขืชื ื ืคืฉื ืฉืืชื ื ืืจืืืืช ืขืื ื ืืื. ืืจืื ืืงืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืืืืืจืช ืืืช ืโ ืืืชื ืืืช ืืื ื ืคืืืช ืืขืื ืื ื. ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืืช ืโ ืืืชื ืืืช ืจืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืืืจืช ืื. ืื ืืืื ืขืฉื ืโ ืื ืืืืืืืช ืฉืขืืจื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืืจืืื ืฉืขืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจืืื ืฉืขืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืฉืขืื ืื ื) ืืืจื ืโ ืื ืืืืช ืขืฉื:
ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืจืืขื ืืช ืืฆืื ืืืืงื ืืขืฉืืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืื ืืคื ื ืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืงืฉืื ืื ืื ืืคื ื ืืชืืฉืื ืืืืืฉืื. ืืืจ ืืงืโื ืื ืจืืื ืืืืืช ืจืืขื ืขื ืขืื ืืฉืจืื. ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืขืืื ืืืฉ ืืื ืจืืขื ืืฆืื ืืืฉืขื ืงืื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืชื ืชืืืื ืขื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื (ืฉืืจ ืืฉืืจืื ื ืื) ืื ืืืขืชื ื ืคืฉื ืืืโ. ืืจืื ืืงืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืืืชื ืืืช ืโ ืืืชื ืืืช. ืขื ื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ื ืคืืืช ืืขืื ืื ื. ืืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืฉื ืืฉืื ืืืืืกืื ืื ืขืฉื ืืคืจืืืก ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืชื ืชืืืื ืขืื ืืืชืจ ืื ื ืชืื ืืื. ืื ืืฉืืจืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืโื ืืืฉืจืื ืืฉืืื ืืขืชืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืคืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืืคืื. ืืืฉืจืื ืืฉืืืื ืืืชื ืืชื ืชืืืื ืขืืื ื ืืืชืจ ืื ื ืชืืืื ืืื. ืืจืื ืืงืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืช ืโ ืืืชื ืืืช:
From Egypt I called out to God. โMitzrayimโ is what the Jewish people call the Lord in all languages, and He answers them. They called Him โShaddaiโ in the fields, as it says, โMay El Shaddai bless youโ (Genesis 28:3), and He answered them in the fields, as it says, โI am El Shaddai; be fruitful and multiplyโ (ibid. 35:11). They called Him โElohim,โ as it says, โO Lord, what can You give me?โ (Exodus 2:22), and He answered them, as it says, โAnd their cry for help rose up to Godโ (ibid. 2:23). They called Him โHashem,โ as it says, โAnd we cried out to Hashemโ (Deuteronomy 26:7), and He answered them, as it says, โHashem heard our voiceโ (ibid. 26:8). They called Him โYahโ from Egypt, as it says, โFrom Egypt I called out to Yah, and He answered me in the expanse of Yahโ (Psalms 81:6). Similarly, it says, โFor what great nation is there that has a god so close to it as Hashem our God whenever we call upon Him?โ (Deuteronomy 4:7). Another meaning of โMitzrayimโ is โspeaking of Egypt,โ as it says, โAnd they embittered their lives with hard labor, with mortar and with bricksโ (Exodus 1:14). โIn the expanse of Yahโ means that God broadened His kindness to me, as it says, โThe wings of a dove are sheathed with silverโ (Psalms 68:14). Another meaning is in reference to David. When David left his brothers and they left him, all of Israel at that moment lifted their eyes to heaven, and David said, โA song of ascents. I will lift my eyes to the mountainsโ (Psalms 121:1). The Holy Spirit answered him and said, โDo not let your foot slip; your Guardian does not slumberโ (ibid. 3). In the expanse refers to how God broadened the way for David, and all of Israel followed him until they arrived at the Philistine camp, as it says, โAnd the Israelites returned from chasing the Philistinesโ (1 Samuel 17:53).
By the Lord, this was wondrous in our eyes. Speaking in the Knesset of Israel at a time when they were enslaved in mud and bricks, and after they had left, they began to rise in clouds of glory, and the Egyptians were amazed at them, saying, โUntil now you were enslaved in all kinds of hard labor, and now you are rising in all glory.โ And Israel answers them, saying, โYou are amazed at us, but we are more amazed than you, as it is written (Song of Songs 6:12), โI did not know my soul had made me chariots of my people, a noble steed.'โ And the Holy Spirit answers and says, โBy the Lord, this was wondrous in our eyes.โ
Another saying, from David, when he was shepherding his sheep and collecting soft grass, and laying it before the kids and the weak and hard grass before the goats and the sheep. The Lord said, โThis is fit to be a shepherd for the people of Israel.โ And when he became king, they would say about him, โYesterday he was a shepherd for the sheep, and today he became a king.โ And he says to them, โYou are amazed at this, but this is what is written (Song of Songs 6:12).โ And the Holy Spirit answers them, โBy the Lord, this was wondrous in our eyes.โ They all answered and said, โIt is wondrous in our eyes.โ A parable: there was a man who carried his load to the duke, and he became an officer, and he says to them, โYou are amazed at me, but I am more amazed than you.โ So when the nations of the world see Israel in peace to come, they will say, โThese are not the ones who were beaten, these are not the ones who were pushed.โ And Israel answers them, โYou are amazed at us, but we are more amazed than you.โ And the Holy Spirit answers them, โBy the Lord, this was wondrous in our eyes.โ
PSALM 150
โHallelujah, praise the Lord in His holiness. The Holy Spirit spoke through Ezekiel (Ezekiel 39:7), โI will make known my holy name.โ (Verse 13) โHere it comes and it will be done.โ When will the nations know that I am holy? When I execute judgment upon them as it is written above (Ezekiel 39:1-4). I will turn you back, put hooks in your jaws and bring you out with your whole army โ your horses, horsemen fully armed, and a great horde with large and small shields, all of them brandishing swords. Persia, Cush and Put will be with them, all with shields and helmets. (Verse 17-18) I will execute judgment on Gog and on all my enemies. And so it is written in Isaiah (Isaiah 18:6), โThey will all be left to the mountain birds of prey and to the wild animals; the birds will feed on them all summer, the wild animals all winter.โโฆโ
FURTHER READING
Answering Islam โ Sam Shamoun Theology Newsletter
Join the newsletter to receive the latest updates in your inbox.