MIDRASHIC PSALMS ON GODโ€™Sย SPIRIT

Sam Shamoun
Sam Shamoun

Table of Contents

The following quotations are taken from the Midrash Tehillim. These citations show that even the rabbis believed that the Holy Spirit is a divine Person who speaks as and for YHWH God, All emphasis will be mine.

PSALM 5

ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืช. ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื— ื›ื) ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉ. ืืžืจ ืจโ€™ ื—ื ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืžืจื” (ืžืฉืœื™ ื’ ื˜ื–) ื‘ืฉืžืืœื” ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื. ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉ. ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉื ื— ื›ื‘) ื”โ€™ ืงื ื ื™ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื•:

Another explanation of the inheritance: That which the verse says (Proverbs 8:21), โ€œTo cause those who love me to inherit substance.โ€ Rabbi Chanina said, โ€œThe Torah says (Proverbs 3:16), โ€˜In her left hand, riches and honor, and in her right hand, length of days.โ€™ And for the poor.โ€ And the Holy Spirit responds and says, โ€œTo cause those who love ME to inherit substance.โ€ Why are they poor in this world? So that they should not occupy themselves with frivolous matters and forget the Torah. And so it says (Proverbs 8:22), โ€œThe Lord acquired me as the beginning of His way.โ€

PSALM 17

ืงื•ืžื” ื”โ€™ ืงื“ืžื” ืคื ื™ื• ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื”ื•. ืจโ€™ ืคื™ื ื—ืก ื‘ืฉื ืจโ€™ ืื•ืฉืขื™ื ืืžืจ ื—ืžืฉ ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื. ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ืืš ื”ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ืช. ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืจืื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืงื‘โ€ื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ ื™ื‘) ืงื•ืžื” ื”โ€™ ืืœ ื ืฉื ื™ื“ืš. ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ืœื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ ืœื” ืืœื ืืชื”. ื•ืžื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืงื•ืžื” ื”โ€™ ืืœ ื ืฉื ื™ื“ืš. ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ื ื• ืขืžื• ื•ืื—ื– ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืฆื™ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื ืชื’ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื‘ื ื•. ืžื™ื“ ืฆืขืง ื‘ื ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืื‘ื ืืจื™ื ื™ื“ืš ื“ืื ื ื˜ื‘ืข. ื›ืš ืืจื‘ืข ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื™ื– ื™ื‘) ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืกื˜ ื’) ื˜ื‘ืขืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืžื“. ื•ืืœืžืœื ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ืขืžื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฆืœ. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื’ ื‘) ื›ื™ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืืชืš ืื ื™. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืคื” ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื˜ื ื’ื•ืจื ื•ื”ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื ื”ืจ ืœืฉื˜ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื•ื— (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ ื™ื‘) ืงื•ืžื” ื”โ€™ ืืœ ื ืฉื ื™ื“ื™ืš. ืืจื™ื ื™ื“ื™ืš ื“ืื ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉื ืกื˜ ื˜ื–) ืืœ ืชืฉื˜ืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืžื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืงื•ืžื” ื”โ€™ ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขืชืš. ืืžืจ ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ืš ืื ื™ ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ ืž) ื›ื™ ืืฉื ืืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื“ื™. ื•ืื•ืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื˜ ื›ื‘) ื”ื ื” ืืฉื ืืœ ื’ื•ื™ื ื™ื“ื™:

โ€œGod arose, His enemies scattered; His foes fled before Him.โ€ (Psalm 68:1-2) Rabbi Pinchas, in the name of Rabbi Oshaya, said that God established five standing positions for David in the Book of Psalms. Four of them correspond to the four kingdoms that he saw in a vision through the Holy Spirit and how they would subjugate Israel, and God stood by each one of them. The fifth position corresponds to the kingdom of Gog, who will come to Israel with strength and say to God, โ€œArise, Lord, lift up Your hand.โ€ David said to God, โ€œMy Lord, there is no one to join with her except You.โ€

What is meant by โ€œArise, Lord, lift up Your handโ€? It can be compared to a strong man who was crossing a river with his son when he grabbed his hand to help him pass. When they reached the middle of the river, the current became stronger and the rope snapped, causing his son to be carried away by the current. Immediately, the father cried out and said, โ€˜Father, raise your hand and save me from drowning.โ€™ So too, the four kingdoms rule over the waters, as it is stated, โ€˜Woe to the multitude of many peopleโ€™ (Isaiah 17:12), and Israel is drowning within it, as it is stated, โ€˜I am sinking in deep mire, and there is no standingโ€™ (Psalm 69:3).

If not for the Holy One, blessed be He, being with them, they would not have been able to escape, as it is stated, โ€˜When you pass through the waters, I will be with youโ€™ (Isaiah 43:2). And when David saw that sin causes them to become stronger like a current of a river to wash away Israel, he began to cry out, โ€˜Arise, O Lord, with Your hand, save me from drowning.โ€™ Therefore, he says, โ€˜Arise, O Lord, remember Your oathโ€™ (Psalm 10:12). He said to him, โ€˜As your soul lives, I raise My Hand, as it is stated, โ€œFor I lift up My hand to heavenโ€โ€˜ (Deuteronomy 32:40), and it is stated, โ€˜Behold, I will lift up My hand to the nationsโ€™ (Isaiah 49:22).โ€

โ€œโ€ฆ Rabbi Elazar said that the Holy Spirit appeared in three places: in the court of Shem, as it says (Genesis 38:26), โ€˜And Judah recognized and said, โ€œShe is more righteous than I.โ€โ€™ Perhaps he did not say this, but rather someone else said it in his presence. A Heavenly Voice went forth and said, โ€˜She is more righteous than he.โ€™ In the court of Samuel, as it says (1 Samuel 12:3), โ€˜Here I am; testify against me before the Lord and before His anointed.โ€™ And they said, โ€˜You have not defrauded us.โ€™ A Heavenly Voice went forth and said, โ€˜He is telling the truth in this matter.โ€™ In the court of Solomon, as it says (1 Kings 3:26), โ€˜Give her the living child, and by no means kill him.โ€™ She is his mother. A Heavenly Voice went forth and said, โ€˜She is his mother.โ€™โ€ฆโ€

PSALM 52

ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื“ื•ืื’ ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™. ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื— ื›ื) ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืื“ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืื•ืžืจ. ื•ืื ื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ. ืœื›ืŸ ืืœ ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื ื™ืชื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ. ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืืžืจื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื“ ื™ื“) ื ืฆื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื ืš ืžืจืข. ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ ืฉืžื ืืชื” ืžืคืกื™ื“ ื›ืœื•ื. ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืชื›ืจ ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ื—ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื ื›ื’) ืฉื•ืžืจ ืคื™ื• ื•ืœืฉื•ื ื•. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ืจืื” ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžืชื•ืš ืคื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ื‘ ื”) ืืฉืจ ืืžืจื• ืœืœืฉื•ื ื ื• ื ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืคืชื™ื ื• ืืชื ื• ืžื™ ืื“ื•ืŸ ืœื ื•. ื•ืžื™ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื ื’ื“ื ื’ื™ื”ื ื. ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ืฆื•ื•ื— ืžืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉื ืฆื“ ื˜ื–) ืžื™ ื™ืงื•ื ืœื™ ืขื ืžืจืขื™ื. ื•ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื’ื™ื”ื ื. ื•ืืฃ ื’ื™ื”ื ื ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื• ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื”. ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื” ืื ื™ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืืช ืžืœืžื˜ื”. ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉื ืงื› ื“) ื—ืฆื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื’ื—ืœื™ ืจืชืžื™ื. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœื”ื ืฆืœ ืžื’ื™ื”ื ื ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื• ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื•ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ืœื“ ื™ื’) ืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืกื‘ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•โ€™. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืื ื™ื. ืื›ืœ ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืจืš ื–ื” ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ืื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืจืš ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื ื–ื›ื” ืœืชื•ืจื” ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงืจื ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื’ ื™ื—) ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื”. ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืคื•ืื” ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื˜ื• ื“) ืžืจืคื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ืคืฉื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืจืื” ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื. ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœืฉ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื’ื•โ€™. ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ืœื) ืื ื ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ื—ื˜ืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื˜ ื˜) ื•ืื™ืš ืืขืฉื” ื”ืจืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ื—ื˜ืืชื™ ืœืืœืงื™ื. ื•ื‘ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉื ื“ ื™ื’) ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื•ื ื™ ืžื ืฉื•ื. ื‘ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขืš ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืžืฉืœืฉ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืจื’ ืืœื ื ืคืฉ ืื—ืช. ื•ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื”ื•ืจื’ ืฉืœืฉื”. ื”ืžืกืคืจื• ื•ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื• ื•ื”ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืžื ื™ืŸ ืืชื” ืœืžื“ ื–ื” ืžื“ื•ืื’ ืฉืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืขืœ ืื—ื™ืžืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืฉืœืฉืชืŸ. ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืงื‘ืœื•. ื•ืื—ื™ืžืœืš ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื“ื•ืื’ ืฉืืžืจื•. ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื-ื ื™ ื™ื’) ื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืžืขืœื•. ื•ืื—ื™ืžืœืš ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ-ื ื›ื‘ ื˜ื–) ืžื•ืช ืชืžื•ืช ืื—ื™ืžืœืš. ื•ื“ื•ืื’ ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื ื˜ืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืฉื ืืžืจ ื’ื ืืœ ื™ืชืฆืš ืœื ืฆื—. ืžืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืžื™ ื’ืจื ืœื•. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข. ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื“ื•ืื’ ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ ื•ื™ื’ื“ ืœืฉืื•ืœ:

Another thing to consider is the matter of the redoubtable tongue. As it is written in Proverbs 18:21, โ€œDeath and life are in the power of the tongue,โ€ meaning that everything depends on the tongue. If a person seeks to speak evil, he should say nothing, and if he seeks to speak good, he should speak up. Therefore, one should not say, โ€œSince I have the authority, I will speak whatever I want.โ€ The Torah has already warned us and said in Psalm 34:14, โ€œKeep your tongue from evil.โ€ And if you say that you lose nothing by doing so, beware, for the Holy Spirit cries out and says in Proverbs 21:23, โ€œHe who guards his mouth and his tongue, guards his soul from troubles.โ€ Another point is that death and life are in the power of the tongue. See how difficult it is to remove evil speech from oneโ€™s mouth, to the extent that a person denies it altogether, as it is said in Psalm 12:5, โ€œWho said, โ€˜With our tongue we will prevail; our lips are with usโ€”who is master over us?'โ€ And who can stand against them in Gehenna? As it were, the Almighty shouts out to those who speak evil and says in Psalm 94:16, โ€œWho will rise up for me against the wicked?โ€ And who can withstand them in Gehenna? And even Gehenna itself says to Him, โ€œI am unable.โ€ And the Holy One, blessed be He, replies to her, โ€œI am above and you are below,โ€ as it says in Psalm 120:4, โ€œSharp arrows of the mighty with coals of the broom tree.โ€ The Almighty said to Israel, โ€œIf you want to be saved from Gehenna, distance yourselves from evil speech, and you will merit the World to Come,โ€ as it is said in Psalm 34:13, โ€œWho is the man who desires life?โ€

Our Rabbis said that there was a story about a peddler who was traveling around the towns of Tzefuria, and so on. Another point is that death and life are in the power of the tongue. The livelihood of figs: if one eats without blessing, it is death in the power of the tongue; if one eats and blesses, it is life in the power of the tongue. Everything depends on the tongue. โ€œIf one merits the Torah, one merits life, as the Torah is called the Tree of Life. As it is written (Proverbs 3:18), โ€˜She is a tree of life to those who grasp her.โ€™ And the Torah is a remedy for the tongue, as it is written (Proverbs 15:4), โ€˜A soothing tongue is a tree of life.โ€™ Therefore, one who speaks negatively about others is endangering lives. Come and see how severe the sin of speaking negatively is, greater even than idol worship, sexual immorality, and murder. For it is written that with these three sins, it is written โ€˜greatโ€™ and in regards to speaking negatively it is written โ€˜great transgressions.โ€™ The tongue speaks of great things, etc. Concerning idol worship, it is written (Exodus 32:31), โ€˜Please, this people has committed a great sin.โ€™ Concerning sexual immorality, it is written (Genesis 39:9), โ€˜How can I commit this great evil and sin against God?โ€™ Concerning murder, it is written (Genesis 4:13), โ€˜My punishment is too great to bear.โ€™ I have come to inform you that speaking negatively is more difficult than these three sins.

Another matter is that one who kills a person, only kills one soul. But one who speaks negatively kills three: the one who speaks, the one who is spoken about, and the one who listens. And where do we learn this? From the concern expressed by Doeg, who spoke negatively about Ahimelech before Saul, and three were killed: Saul, who accepted his words, Ahimelech, who was spoken about, and Doeg, who spoke. And how do we know this? From the verse that states concerning Saul, โ€˜So Saul died for his unfaithfulness which he had committed against the Lord, because he did not keep the word of the Lord, and also because he consulted a medium for guidanceโ€™ (1 Chronicles 10:13), and concerning Ahimelech, it is written (1 Samuel 22:16), โ€˜Ahimelech died, and his fatherโ€™s household.โ€™ And concerning Doeg, it is stated that he was driven from the world, as it is written (Psalm 52:9), โ€˜I will forever praise You for what You have done; in Your name I will put my trust, for Your faithful ones have sought refuge in You.โ€™ From the life of the world. And who caused this? Negative speech, as it is written concerning Doeg, who informed Saul.โ€

PSALM 58

ืœืžื ืฆื— ืืœ ืชืฉื—ืช. ื”ืืžื ื ืืœื ืฆื“ืง. ืืžืจ ืฉืœืžื” (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื ื—) ื”ืคื›ืคืš ื“ืจืš ืื™ืฉ ื•ื–ืจ. ื”ืคื›ืคื›ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืคื›ืคืš. ืืžืฉ ืืžืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ-ื ื›ื“ ื™ื–) ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืชื” ืžืžื ื™. ืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ืš ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื ืคืฉืš ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืฆืืชื™ืš ื”ืจื’ืชื™ืš. ื•ืื ื™ ื ืคืœืชื™ ื‘ื™ื“ืš ื•ืœื ื”ืจื’ืชื ื™. ื”ื•ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžืžื ื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘ ื›ื•) ื™ืชืจ ืžืจืขื”ื• ืฆื“ื™ืง. ืžืจืขื”ื• ื–ื” ืฉืื•ืœ. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ-ื ื›ื— ื™ื–) ืœืจืขืš ืœื“ื•ื“. ืฆื“ื™ืง ื–ื” ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ-ื ื›ื“ ื›ื-ื›ื‘) ื•ืขืชื” ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ืœื™. ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืข ื“ื•ื“ ืœืฉืื•ืœ. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืœืš ืฉืื•ืœ ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœื ื”ืจื’ืš ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืขืจื” ื ืขืฉื” ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืœื— ื‘ืš ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉื ื•ืžื—ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืื‘ืจ ืื‘ืจ ื•ื ืชื™ื™ืจื. ืžื™ื“ ืฉืžืข ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื”ื ื•ืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•. ืžื™ื“ (ืฉื ื›ื• ื‘) ื•ื™ืงื ื•ื™ืœืš ืืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื™ืฃ. (ืฉื ื–) ื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืืœื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืชืจื“ืžื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉื ื™ื‘) ื›ื™ ืชืจื“ืžืช ื”โ€™ ื ืคืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืŸ. (ืฉื ื—-ื˜) ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืกื’ืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ืš. ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืชื”ื•. ื”ื•ื™ ืœืžื ืฆื— ืืœ ืชืฉื—ืช. (ืฉื ื™) ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”โ€™ ื›ื™ ื”โ€™ ื™ื’ืคื ื•. ื•ืœืžื” ืฉื ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”โ€™ ืืœื ืืžืจ ืœื• ื—ื™ ื”โ€™ ืืœ ืชื”ืจื’ื”ื• ื•ืื ืชื”ืจื’ื”ื• ื—ื™ ื”โ€™ ืื ื™ ืื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชืš. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื ืฉื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ื’ืขืจ ื‘ื•. (ืฉื ื™ื‘) ื•ื™ืงื— ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืืช ืฆืคื—ืช ื”ืžื™ื. (ืฉื ื™ื“) ื•ื™ืงืจื ื“ื•ื“ ืืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื’ื•โ€™ ื”ืœื ืชืขื ื” ืื‘ื ืจ. ืืžืจ ืœื• ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืœืขื ื•ืช. ื”ืจื™ ืืžืจืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื” ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืš ืžืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืžื—ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืื‘ืจ ืื‘ืจ. ืื• ืื™ืžืจ ื‘ืกื™ืจื” ื”ื•ืขื“ื”. ื‘ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืฆืคื—ืช ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขื ื•ืช. ื”ืœื ืชืขื ื” ืื‘ื ืจ. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื” ืืœื. ืœื›ืš ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืืœื ืฆื“ืง ืชื“ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ืฉืจื™ื ืชืฉืคื˜ื•. ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืฆื“ืง ืจื“ืคืชื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื– ื›) ืฆื“ืง ืฆื“ืง ืชืจื“ื•ืฃ. ืื• ืฆื“ืง ืฉืคื˜ืชื ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื•) ื‘ืฆื“ืง ืชืฉืคื•ื˜ ืขืžื™ืชืš. ื™ืคื” ืขืฉื™ืชื ื›ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจื™ื ืชืฉืคื˜ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ืœื›ืš ืืœื ืฆื“ืง ืชื“ื‘ืจื•ืŸ. ืืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืชืคืขืœื•ืŸ. ื–ืจื• ืจืฉืขื™ื ืžืจื—ื. ืžืจื—ื ื–ืจื™ืชื. ืชืขื• ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ. ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื‘ืจื ืืœื ืœืืžืช. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื˜ื• ื‘) ื•ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืืžืช ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื•. ื•ืืชื ืœื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืืœื ืืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืชืคืขืœื•ืŸ. ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืจืžื™ื” (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื ื”) ื˜ืจื ืืฆืจืš ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ืš. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื˜ ื) ื”โ€™ ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ืงืจืื ื™. ื•ืžืจื—ื ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ืขืฉื• ื”ืจืฉืข ืขื“ ื“ื”ื•ื” ื‘ืžืขื™ ื“ืื™ืžื™ื” ื”ื•ื” ืžื’ื™ื— ืขื ืื—ื™ื•. ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื” ื›ื‘) ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืฆืฆื• ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื”. ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืจืฆืฅ ืขื ืื—ื™ื• ื‘ืžืขื™ ืืžื•. ืืžืจ ืืฃ ืืชื ืžืจื—ื ื–ืจื™ืชื. ื–ืจื• ืจืฉืขื™ื ืžืจื—ื. ืœืžื” ื—ืžืช ืœืžื• ื›ื“ืžื•ืช ื—ืžืช ื ื—ืฉ. ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืฉืžืข ืœืงื•ืœ ืžืœื—ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื›ื. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืขืฉื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ืฉ ืฉื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืขืคืจ. ื›ืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื›ื (ื”ืจื•ืก) [ื”ืจืก] ืฉื ื™ืžื• ื‘ืคื™ืžื•. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืืžืจืชื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืืชื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœื’ื™ื”ื ื ื•ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืืชื›ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœ ืชืžืก ื™ื”ืœืš ื ืคืœ ืืฉืช. ืื™ืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืžืฉ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœ ื—ื–ื• ืฉืžืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื’ ื›) ื•ื–ืจื—ื” ืœื›ื ื™ืจืื™ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžืฉ ืฆื“ืงื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉืžื— ืฆื“ื™ืง ื›ื™ ื—ื–ื” ื ืงื:

โ€œDo not destroy the conqueror. Is justice truly mute? As Solomon said (Proverbs 21:8), โ€œThe way of a man may be straight in his own eyes, but the Lord weighs the heart.โ€ The โ€œcrookedโ€ ones are the wicked who do not stand by their words, saying and then annulling them. This is how Saul was โ€œcrooked.โ€ Just last night he said to David (1 Samuel 24:18), โ€œYou are more righteous than I, for you have rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded you evil. And you have declared this day how you have dealt well with me; for when the Lord gave me into your hand, you did not kill me. For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go away safe? Therefore may the Lord reward you with good for what you have done to me this day. And now, behold, I know that you shall surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in your hand.โ€ This is what it means (Proverbs 12:26), โ€œThe righteous is more excellent than his neighbor.โ€ His neighbor refers to Saul, as it is said (1 Samuel 24:11), โ€œAnd you are seeking to take my life.โ€ The righteous one is David, who said to Saul (1 Samuel 24:22-23), โ€œSwear now therefore unto me by the Lord, that you will not cut off my seed after me, and that you will not destroy my name out of my fatherโ€™s house.โ€ So Saul swore to David. As soon as Saul had departed, his men said to him, โ€œBehold, we see that the king is in your hands, and that you did not kill him. Therefore now be content and let your heart rejoice.โ€ David replied (1 Samuel 26:9), โ€˜Do not destroy him; for who can stretch forth his hand against the Lordโ€™s anointed, and be guiltless?โ€™ (1 Samuel 26) And David said, โ€˜As the Lord lives, surely the Lord shall strike him; or his day shall come to die; or he shall descend into battle, and perish.โ€™ Why did he mention the name of the Lord twice? To tell him, โ€˜By the life of the Lord, do not kill him; and if you kill him, by the life of the Lord, I will kill you.โ€™ Another explanation is that he swore an oath against the evil inclination and rebuked it. (1 Samuel 12) And David took the spear and the jug of water. (1 Samuel 26)

And David called to the people, โ€˜You should answer, Abner.โ€™ He said to him, โ€˜What do you have to answer? You spoke about the matter of the cave โ€“ if someone would harm you, we would enter there and cut him to pieces. Or speak about the incident with the water jug and spear โ€“ what do you have to answer?โ€™ Abner had nothing to say, so he remained silent. Therefore, David said to them, โ€˜You should speak with righteousness and judge with fairness. In righteousness, you pursued him, as the Torah says (Deuteronomy 16:20), โ€œJustice, justice shall you pursue.โ€ Or, you judged with righteousness, as it is written (Leviticus 19:15), โ€œYou shall judge your neighbor with righteousness.โ€โ€˜ Well done, that you do so with fairness. Therefore, speak righteousness even in your hearts.โ€ You shall cast out the wicked from your womb. You shall cast out the wicked from your heart. This heart was created only for truth, as it is said (Psalm 15:2), โ€œHe who speaks the truth in his heart.โ€ But you were not like this; even in your heart, you acted wickedly. And the Holy Spirit says through Jeremiah (Jeremiah 1:5), โ€œBefore I formed you in the womb, I knew you.โ€ And likewise, Isaiah says (Isaiah 49:1), โ€œThe Lord called me from the womb.โ€ And the wickedness in the womb is evident, as you see in Esau, who struggled with his brother in his motherโ€™s womb, as it is said (Genesis 25:22), โ€œAnd the children struggled together within her.โ€ For he was crushing with his brother in his motherโ€™s womb. He said, โ€œYou also have cast out the wicked. Cast out the wicked from your heart. Why do you rage like the rage of a serpent, which does not listen to the voice of enchanters, however skilled they may be?โ€ He said to them, โ€œDo you not know what the Holy One, blessed be He, did to the serpent, which broke its teeth and now eats dust? Thus the Holy One, blessed be He, will do to you who have put out your tongue against Him.โ€ He said to them, โ€œThe Holy One, blessed be He, said, โ€˜You spoke evil speech; you will fall into Gehenna, and fire will consume you,โ€™ as it is said (Psalm 58:9), โ€˜Like the snail that melts away as it goes.'โ€ Do you not see that the sun always shines, but only the righteous (Malachi 3:20) โ€œwill be glad when they see the vengeanceโ€? And likewise, it is said (Proverbs 24:17), โ€œDo not rejoice when your enemy falls.โ€

PSALM 91

ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”โ€™ ืžื—ืกื™ ื•ืžืฆื•ื“ืชื™. ืžื—ืกื™ ืื’ื ืชื™. ืžืฆื•ื“ืชื™ ืงืกื˜ืจื™ ื“ื™ื“ื™. ืืœืงื™ ืื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื•. ื•ืœื ืืžืจืช ืœื™ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื” ื—) ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™. ืื ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ืŸ ืืœืงื™ ืื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื•. ืฉื‘ืฉืžื• ืื ื™ ืฆื“ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ืŸ ืœื’ื™ื”ื ื. ืžืฉื™ื‘ื” ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืœืš ืžืคื—. ืžืฆื•ื“ืชื ื“ืฆื™ื™ื“ื. ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืช. ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืื‘ืจืชื• ื™ืกืš ืœืš. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืืžืชืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ืฆื ื” ื•ืกื•ื—ืจื” ืืžืชื•. ืืžืจ ืจืฉื‘โ€ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื”. ื•ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•. ืœื ืชื™ืจื ืžืคื—ื“ ืœื™ืœื”. ืืžืจ ืจโ€™ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืจื— ื›ืขื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืงื•ืฉื˜ ื›ื—ืฅ. ื•ืžื™ ื™ืฆื™ืœืš ืžืžื ื• ืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ. ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืœืš ืžืคื— ื™ืงื•ืฉ. ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืขืžื•ืก ื’ ื”) ื”ื™ืขืœื” ืคื— ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืชืคื•ืœ ืฆืคื•ืจ ืืœ ืคื—. ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ ื• ื–) ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจื ืงืŸ ืฆืคื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืฉืœื— ืชืฉืœื—:

I say to the Lord, โ€œYou are my refuge and fortress. In you I trust.โ€ My refuge is in your wings, and my fortress is in the castle of my Lord. I trust in Him, for He did not say to me, โ€œBuild a sanctuary for me, and I will dwell there.โ€ If He had, I would have trusted in it. In His name, I pursue and cast down the wicked to Gehenna. The Holy Spirit responds and tells me that He will save me from the trap. The hunterโ€™s fortress is in the wilderness, where he brings life to the world. With His wings, He covers you. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said that he rewards anyone who deals with the truth of the Torah. The truth is the armor and the shield. Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai said that the instrument of truth in the Torah is the vessel. The vessel that God gave to Israel at Sinai has it written on it, โ€œDo not fear the terror by night.โ€ Rabbi Berachiah said that some people are like a bird that flies and shoots like an arrow. Who will save you from the trap? The messenger of the nest will save you from the snare, as it is written, โ€œWill a trap be set for a bird on the ground, when it is in a snare?โ€ And it is written, โ€œIf you come across a birdโ€™s nest in any tree or on the ground, with young ones or eggs, and the mother bird is sitting on the young or on the eggs, do not take the mother bird with the young.โ€

PSALM 105

ื•ื™ืชื”ืœื›ื• ืžื’ื•ื™ ืืœ ื’ื•ื™. ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื™ื‘ ื™) ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืขื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืจื“ ืื‘ืจื ืžืฆืจื™ืžื”. ืœื ื”ื ื™ื— ืื“ื ืœืขืฉืงื ืืœื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ื™ื•ื›ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื•ืคืจืขื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘ ื™ื–) ื•ื™ื ื’ืข ื”โ€™ ืืช ืคืจืขื” ื ื’ืขื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืืœ ืชื’ืขื• ื‘ืžืฉื™ื—ื™. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื” ืืœื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืืœ ืชืจืขื• ืืœื• ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง (ืฉื ื›ื– ืžื‘) ื•ื™ื•ื’ื“ ืœืจื‘ืงื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขืฉื•. ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื” ื•ื”ืœื ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ืžื) ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืขืฉื• ื‘ืœื‘ื•. ืืœื ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”:

โ€œThey journeyed from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another. Speaking about Abraham and Sarah, as it is written (Genesis 12:10), โ€œNow there was a famine in the land, and Abram went down to Egypt to dwell there, for the famine was severe in the land.โ€ No one was allowed to oppress them, these Egyptians. Kings, such as Abimelech and Pharaoh, rebuked them, as it is written (Genesis 12:17), โ€œBut the Lord afflicted Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues because of Sarai, Abramโ€™s wife.โ€ Do not touch My anointed ones, said Rabbi Berechiah; referring to the Patriarchs. And in the Prophets, do not harm My prophets; referring to the prophetesses. Rabbi Yudan said in the name of Rabbi Isaac (Genesis 27:42), โ€œAnd Rebekah was told of the words of Esau.โ€ Who told her, since it is written (Genesis 27:41), โ€œEsau spoke to himselfโ€? It was the Holy Spirit that told her.

PSALM 118

ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจ ืงืจืืชื™ ื™ื”. ืžื”ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื•ืจืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื. ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ืฉื“ื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื— ื’) ื•ืืœ ืฉื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชืš. ื•ืขื ื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื“ื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ืœื” ื™ื) ืื ื™ ืืœ ืฉื“ื™ ืคืจื” ื•ืจื‘ื”. ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ืืœืงื™ื (ืฉื ื˜ื• ื‘) ื”โ€™ ืืœืงื™ื ืžื” ืชืชืŸ ืœื™. ื•ืขื ื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืœืงื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ ื›ื’) ื•ืชืขืœ ืฉื•ืขืชื ืืœ ื”ืืœืงื™ื. ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ื”โ€™ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื• ื–) ื•ื ืฆืขืง ืืœ ื”โ€™. ื•ืขื ื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ื”โ€™ (ืฉื) ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ื”โ€™ ืืช ืงื•ืœื ื•. ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจ ืงืจืืชื™ ื™ื” ื•ืขื ื ื™ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื™ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉื ื“ ื–) ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื’ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœื• ืืœืงื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื›ื”โ€™ ืืœืงื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืจืื ื• ืืœื™ื•. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื ื™ื“) ื•ื™ืžืจืจื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ื’ื•โ€™. ืขื ื ื™ ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื™ื” ืฉื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืœื™ ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ื›ื ืคื™ ื—ืกื“ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืกื— ื™ื“) ื›ื ืคื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื ื—ืคื” ื‘ื›ืกืฃ. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื“. ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืจื“ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืื—ื™ื• ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื”ื• ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ืฉื ื“ื•ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœืžืจื•ื ื•ืืžืจ (ืฉื ืงื›ื ื) ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžืขืœื•ืช ืืฉื ืขื™ื ื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื. ื”ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื•ืืžืจื” ืœื• (ืฉื ื’) ืืœ ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื•ื˜ ืจื’ืœื™ืš ืืœ ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจืš. ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘. ืฉื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืื• ืขื“ ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืืœ-ื ื™ื– ื ื’) ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื“ืœื•ืง ืื—ืจื™ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื:

ืžืืช ื”โ€™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื ืคืœืืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•. ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืžืชื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืชืžื”ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ืžืชื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืืชื ืชืžื”ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืื ื• ืชืžื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื• ื™ื‘) ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉืžืชื ื™ ืžืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขืžื™ ื ื“ื™ื‘. ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืžืืช ื”โ€™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื ืคืœืืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืืช ื”โ€™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ืžืจืช ื›ืŸ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”โ€™ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ืื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื™ื‘ ื”) ื–ืžืจื• ื”โ€™ ื›ื™ ื’ืื•ืช ืขืฉื”:

ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืขื” ืืช ื”ืฆืืŸ ื•ืžืœืงื˜ ื‘ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ื—ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ืœืื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื ืžื ื™ื— ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืขื” ืขืœ ืขืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืฉืžืœืš ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืืžืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ืฆืืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” ืงืœื” ืžืœืš. ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืืชื ืชืžื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื• ื™ื‘) ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ื’ื•โ€™. ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืืช ื”โ€™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ืืช. ืขื ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืืžืจื• ื”ื™ื ื ืคืœืืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•. ืžืฉืœ ืœืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืื• ืœื“ื•ื›ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืคืจื›ื•ืก ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืืชื ืชืžื”ื™ื ืขืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื™ ืชืžื” ืžื›ื. ื›ืš ื›ืฉื™ืจืื• ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื›ื•โ€ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ืืžืจื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืืชื ืชืžื”ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื• ืชืžื”ื™ื ืžื›ื. ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื ืžืืช ื”โ€™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ืืช:

From Egypt I called out to God. โ€œMitzrayimโ€ is what the Jewish people call the Lord in all languages, and He answers them. They called Him โ€œShaddaiโ€ in the fields, as it says, โ€œMay El Shaddai bless youโ€ (Genesis 28:3), and He answered them in the fields, as it says, โ€œI am El Shaddai; be fruitful and multiplyโ€ (ibid. 35:11). They called Him โ€œElohim,โ€ as it says, โ€œO Lord, what can You give me?โ€ (Exodus 2:22), and He answered them, as it says, โ€œAnd their cry for help rose up to Godโ€ (ibid. 2:23). They called Him โ€œHashem,โ€ as it says, โ€œAnd we cried out to Hashemโ€ (Deuteronomy 26:7), and He answered them, as it says, โ€œHashem heard our voiceโ€ (ibid. 26:8). They called Him โ€œYahโ€ from Egypt, as it says, โ€œFrom Egypt I called out to Yah, and He answered me in the expanse of Yahโ€ (Psalms 81:6). Similarly, it says, โ€œFor what great nation is there that has a god so close to it as Hashem our God whenever we call upon Him?โ€ (Deuteronomy 4:7). Another meaning of โ€œMitzrayimโ€ is โ€œspeaking of Egypt,โ€ as it says, โ€œAnd they embittered their lives with hard labor, with mortar and with bricksโ€ (Exodus 1:14). โ€œIn the expanse of Yahโ€ means that God broadened His kindness to me, as it says, โ€œThe wings of a dove are sheathed with silverโ€ (Psalms 68:14). Another meaning is in reference to David. When David left his brothers and they left him, all of Israel at that moment lifted their eyes to heaven, and David said, โ€œA song of ascents. I will lift my eyes to the mountainsโ€ (Psalms 121:1). The Holy Spirit answered him and said, โ€œDo not let your foot slip; your Guardian does not slumberโ€ (ibid. 3). In the expanse refers to how God broadened the way for David, and all of Israel followed him until they arrived at the Philistine camp, as it says, โ€œAnd the Israelites returned from chasing the Philistinesโ€ (1 Samuel 17:53).

By the Lord, this was wondrous in our eyes. Speaking in the Knesset of Israel at a time when they were enslaved in mud and bricks, and after they had left, they began to rise in clouds of glory, and the Egyptians were amazed at them, saying, โ€œUntil now you were enslaved in all kinds of hard labor, and now you are rising in all glory.โ€ And Israel answers them, saying, โ€œYou are amazed at us, but we are more amazed than you, as it is written (Song of Songs 6:12), โ€˜I did not know my soul had made me chariots of my people, a noble steed.'โ€ And the Holy Spirit answers and says, โ€œBy the Lord, this was wondrous in our eyes.โ€

Another saying, from David, when he was shepherding his sheep and collecting soft grass, and laying it before the kids and the weak and hard grass before the goats and the sheep. The Lord said, โ€œThis is fit to be a shepherd for the people of Israel.โ€ And when he became king, they would say about him, โ€œYesterday he was a shepherd for the sheep, and today he became a king.โ€ And he says to them, โ€œYou are amazed at this, but this is what is written (Song of Songs 6:12).โ€ And the Holy Spirit answers them, โ€œBy the Lord, this was wondrous in our eyes.โ€ They all answered and said, โ€œIt is wondrous in our eyes.โ€ A parable: there was a man who carried his load to the duke, and he became an officer, and he says to them, โ€œYou are amazed at me, but I am more amazed than you.โ€ So when the nations of the world see Israel in peace to come, they will say, โ€œThese are not the ones who were beaten, these are not the ones who were pushed.โ€ And Israel answers them, โ€œYou are amazed at us, but we are more amazed than you.โ€ And the Holy Spirit answers them, โ€œBy the Lord, this was wondrous in our eyes.โ€

PSALM 150

โ€œHallelujah, praise the Lord in His holiness. The Holy Spirit spoke through Ezekiel (Ezekiel 39:7), โ€˜I will make known my holy name.โ€™ (Verse 13) โ€˜Here it comes and it will be done.โ€™ When will the nations know that I am holy? When I execute judgment upon them as it is written above (Ezekiel 39:1-4). I will turn you back, put hooks in your jaws and bring you out with your whole army โ€“ your horses, horsemen fully armed, and a great horde with large and small shields, all of them brandishing swords. Persia, Cush and Put will be with them, all with shields and helmets. (Verse 17-18) I will execute judgment on Gog and on all my enemies. And so it is written in Isaiah (Isaiah 18:6), โ€˜They will all be left to the mountain birds of prey and to the wild animals; the birds will feed on them all summer, the wild animals all winter.โ€™โ€ฆโ€

FURTHER READING

THE HOLY SPIRIT IN RABBINIC TRADITION

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