ISAIAH’S SUFFERING SERVANT
Table of Contents
In this post I want to quote Isaiah’s fourth Suffering Servant song, which is found in 52:13-53:12.
I quote the English rendering of the Orthodox Jewish website Chabad: The Complete Tanakh (Tanach) – Hebrew Bible. All emphasis will be mine.
Behold My servant shall prosper; he shall be exalted and lifted up, and he shall be very high. As many wondered about you, “How marred his appearance is from that of a man, and his features from that of people!” So shall he cast down many nations; kings shall shut their mouths because of him, for, what had not been told them they saw, and [at] what they had not heard they gazed. (52:13-15 https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/15983#v13)
Who would have believed our report, and to whom was the arm of the Lord revealed? And he came up like a sapling before it, and like a root from dry ground, he had neither form nor comeliness; and we saw him that he had no appearance. Now shall we desire him? Despised and rejected by men, a man of pains and accustomed to illness, and as one who hides his face from us, despised and we held him of no account.
Indeed, he bore our illnesses, and our pains-he carried them, yet we accounted him as plagued, smitten by God and oppressed. But he was pained because of our transgressions, crushed because of our iniquities; the chastisement of our welfare was upon him, and with his wound we were healed. We all went astray like sheep, we have turned, each one on his way, and the Lord accepted his prayers for the iniquity of all of us. He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he would not open his mouth; like a lamb to the slaughter he would be brought, and like a ewe that is mute before her shearers, and he would not open his mouth. From imprisonment and from judgment he is taken, and his generation who shall tell? For he was cut off from the land of the living; because of the transgression of my people, a plague befell them. And he gave his grave to the wicked, and to the wealthy with his kinds of death, because he committed no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth.
And the Lord wished to crush him, He made him ill; if his soul makes itself restitution, he shall see children, he shall prolong his days, and God’s purpose shall prosper in his hand. From the toil of his soul he would see, he would be satisfied; with his knowledge My servant would vindicate the just for many, and their iniquities he would bear. Therefore, I will allot him a portion in public, and with the strong he shall share plunder, because he poured out his soul to death, and with transgressors he was counted; and he bore the sin of many, and interceded for the transgressors. (53:1-12 https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/15984/jewish/Chapter-53.htm#lt=both)
ANCIENT VERSIONS
With the foregoing rendering in view, I now provide a side-by-side comparison of the English renderings of the Hebrew Masoretic text (MT), Greek version known as the Septuagint (LXX), the Latin Vulgate (LV), and the Syriac Peshitta (PT). This will help the readers see the differences as well as the agreements between these ancient versions. Once again, all emphasis will be mine.
| MT | LXX | LV | PT |
Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high. As many were astonied at thee; his visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men: so shall he sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouths at him: for that which had not been told them shall they see; and that which they had not heard shall they consider. Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth. He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken. And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth. Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin (asham), he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand. He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. Authorized King James Version (AV) | Behold, my servant (ho pais mou) shall understand, and be exalted (hypsothesetai), and glorified exceedingly (doxasthesetai). As many shall be amazed at thee, so shall thy face be without glory from men, and thy glory [shall not be honoured] by the sons of men. Thus shall many nations wonder at him; and kings shall keep their mouths shut: for they to whom no report was brought concerning him, shall see; and they who have not heard, shall consider. O Lord, who has believed our report? and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? We brought a report as [of] a child (paidion) before him; [he is] as a root in a thirsty land: he has no form nor comeliness; and we saw him, but he had no form nor beauty. But his form was ignoble, and inferior to that of the children of men; [he was] a man in suffering, and acquainted with the bearing of sickness, for his face is turned from [us]: he was dishonoured, and not esteemed. He bears our sins, and is pained for us: yet we accounted him to be in trouble, and in suffering [by God]*, and in affliction. But he was wounded on account of our sins, and was bruised because of our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; [and] by his bruises we were healed. All we as sheep have gone astray; every one has gone astray in his way; and the Lord gave him up for our sins. And he, because of his affliction, opens not his mouth: he was led as a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb before the shearer is dumb, so he opens not his mouth. In [his] humiliation his judgment was taken away: who shall declare his generation? for his life is taken away from the earth: because of the iniquities of my people he was led to death. And I will give the wicked for his burial, and the rich for his death; for he practised no iniquity, nor craft with his mouth (oude heurethe dolos en to stomati autou). The Lord also is pleased to purge him from his stroke. If ye can give an offering for sin (peri hamartias), your soul shall see a long-lived seed: the Lord also is pleased to take away from the travail of his soul, to shew him light, and to form [him] with understanding; to justify the just one who serves many well; and he shall bear their sins. Therefore he shall inherit many, and he shall divide the spoils of the mighty; because his soul was delivered to death: and he was numbered among the transgressors; and he bore the sins of many (kai autos hamartias pollon anenenke), and was delivered because of their iniquities. Brenton’s LXX ISAIAH | Behold my servant shall understand, he shall be exalted, and extolled, and shall be exceeding high. As many have been astonished at thee, so shall his visage be inglorious among men, and his form among the sons of men. He shall sprinkle many nations, kings shall shut their mouth at him: for they to whom it was not told of him, have seen: and they that heard not, have beheld. Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? And he shall grow up as a tender plant before him, and as a root out of a thirsty ground: there is no beauty in him, nor comeliness: and we have seen him, and there was no sightliness, that we should be desirous of him: Despised, and the most abject of men, a man of sorrows, and acquainted with infirmity: and his look was as it were hidden and despised, whereupon we esteemed him not. Surely he hath borne our infirmities and carried our sorrows: and we have thought him as it were a leper, and as one struck by God and afflicted. But he was wounded for our iniquities, he was bruised for our sins: the chastisement of our peace was upon him, and by his bruises we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray, every one hath turned aside into his own way: and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was offered because it was his own will, and he opened not his mouth: he shall be led as a sheep to the slaughter, and shall be dumb as a lamb before his shearer, and he shall not open his mouth. He was taken away from distress, and from judgment: who shall declare his generation? because he is cut off out of the land of the living: for the wickedness of my people have I struck him. And he shall give the ungodly for his burial, and the rich for his death: because he hath done no iniquity, neither was there deceit in his mouth. And the Lord was pleased to bruise him in infirmity: if he shall lay down his life for sin, he shall see a long-lived seed, and the will of the Lord shall be prosperous in his hand. Because his soul hath laboured, he shall see and be filled: by his knowledge shall this my just servant justify many, and he shall bear their iniquities. Therefore will I distribute to him very many, and he shall divide the spoils of the strong, because he hath delivered his soul unto death, and was reputed with the wicked: and he hath borne the sins of many, and hath prayed for the transgressors. Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition (DRA) Isaias | Behold, my Servant understands and is exalted and is lifted up and is highly exalted. Such that many shall be stupefied concerning him; thus his appearance was marred beyond that of a man, and his front side beyond that of the sons of men. This one purifies the many nations and Kings shall shut their mouths concerning him, because that which was not told them they saw, and what they had not heard they understood. Isaiah 52 Peshitta Holy Bible Translated Who has believed our account, and to whom has The Arm of LORD JEHOVAH been revealed? He grew up as a child before him and like a root from the thirsty ground. He had no appearance or brightness, and we have seen him, and he had no appearance to him, and we denied him. He is despised and humbled of men, a man of sorrows, and he knew sufferings. We turned away our faces from him and we despised him and thought nothing of him. Truly he has endured our sufferings and carried our sorrows, and we considered him to be beaten and punished by God and afflicted. He is killed because of our sins, and he is afflicted because of our evil. The chastisement of our peace is upon him and by his wounds we shall be healed. All of us have gone astray like sheep, and each of us has turned aside, and LORD JEHOVAH caused the sin of all of us to meet in himself. He came near and he was afflicted, and he did not open his mouth. He was led as a lamb for slaughter, and like a ewe lamb he was silent, and he did not open his mouth. He was led from imprisonment and from judgment, and who shall narrate his time? For he was cut off from the land of life, and some of the evil ones of my people approached him. A wicked man gave his grave, and a rich man in his death, because he did no evil and no deceit was in his mouth. And LORD JEHOVAH chose to prostrate himself and afflict himself. Sin had been placed in his soul that he would see the Seed and lengthen the days, and the pleasure of LORD JEHOVAH shall succeed by his hand. He shall see the labor of his soul and he shall be satisfied by the knowledge. He shall declare the righteous ones innocent. He is the Servant of the many, and he shall bear their sins. Because of this, I shall distribute him among the many, and he shall divide the loot with the warriors, for the sake of which he poured out his soul to death, and he was numbered with the evil ones, and he took away the sins of the many, and he met with the evil ones. Isaiah 53 Peshitta Holy Bible Translated |
THE NT INTERPRETATION
I quote all the places where the inspired New Testament documents actually quote Isaiah 52:13-53:12:
“When evening came, many who were demon-possessed were brought to him, and he drove out the spirits with a word and healed all the sick. This was to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet Isaiah: ‘He took up our infirmities and bore our diseases.’” Matthew 8:16-17 New International Version (NIV)
“It is written: ‘And he was numbered with the transgressors’; and I tell you that this must be fulfilled in me. Yes, what is written about me is reaching its fulfillment.” Luke 22:37 NIV
“Then Philip ran up to the chariot and heard the man reading Isaiah the prophet. ‘Do you understand what you are reading?’ Philip asked. ‘How can I,’ he said, ‘unless someone explains it to me?’ So he invited Philip to come up and sit with him. This is the passage of Scripture the eunuch was reading: ‘He was led like a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb before its shearer is silent, so he did not open his mouth. In his humiliation he was deprived of justice. Who can speak of his descendants? For his life was taken from the earth.’ The eunuch asked Philip, ‘Tell me, please, who is the prophet talking about, himself or someone else?’ Then Philip began with that very passage of Scripture and told him the good news about Jesus.” Acts 8:30-35 NIV
Here, as well, are all the places where the NT writings apply the very terms of the Greek version of Isaiah’s prophecy to Christ:
“but also for our sake, to whom it will be credited, those who believe in the one who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead. He was given over because of our transgressions and was raised for the sake of our justification.” Romans 4:24-25 New English Translation (NET)
“The written law was made weak by the power of sin. But God did what the written law could not do. He made his Son to be like those who live under the power of sin. God sent him to be an offering for sin (peri hamartias). Jesus suffered God’s judgment against our sin.” Romans 8:3 New International Reader’s Version (NIRV)
21 To this you were called, because Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in his steps. ‘He committed no sin, and no deceit was found in his mouth (oude heurethe dolos en to stomati autou).’ When they hurled their insults at him, he did not retaliate; when he suffered, he made no threats. Instead, he entrusted himself to him who judges justly. ‘He himself bore our sins (hos tas hamartias hemon autos anenenken)’ in his body on the cross, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness; ‘by his wounds you have been healed.’ For ‘you were like sheep going astray,’ but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls.” 1 Peter 2:21-25 NIV
“so also, after Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many (to pollon annenenkein hamartias), to those who eagerly await him he will appear a second time, not to bear sin but to bring salvation.” Hebrews 9:28 NET
Finally, here are places which allude to the language of Isaiah’s Suffering Servant passage:
“The God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified his servant (edoxasen ton Paida autou) Jesus. You handed him over to be killed, and you disowned him before Pilate, though he had decided to let him go. You disowned the Holy and Righteous One and asked that a murderer be released to you. You killed the author of life, but God raised him from the dead. We are witnesses of this.” Acts 3:13-15 NIV
“God exalted (hypsosen) him to his own right hand as Prince and Savior that he might bring Israel to repentance and forgive their sins.” Acts 5:31 NIV
“You should have the same attitude toward one another that Christ Jesus had, 6 who though he existed in the form of God did not regard equality with God as something to be grasped, but emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and by sharing in human nature. He humbled himself, by becoming obedient to the point of death —even death on a cross! As a result God highly exalted (hyperhypsosen) him and gave him the name that is above every name, 10 so that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow —in heaven and on earth and under the earth—and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father.” Philippians 2:5-11 NET
FURTHER READING
Isaiah 52:13-53:12 in Jewish Tradition
Aramaic Paraphrase of Isaiah 52:13-53:12
ISAIAH 53 IS NOT ABOUT NATIONAL ISRAEL
More Proof that Isaiah 52:13-53:12 Cannot Be National Israel
A Leading Jewish Rabbi Exposes the Duplicity of Jewish anti-Christian Missionaries!
How Rabbinic Judaism’s Belief in Two Messiahs proves that Jesus is the Christ
An anti-Christian Rabbi Proves Muhammad is a false prophet! Pt. 1, Pt. 2
Isaiah’s Suffering Servant: More Prophetic Hints for the Messiah’s Divinity and Priestly Role
Answering Islam – Sam Shamoun Theology Newsletter
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