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2025

A collection of 369 issues

A 2nd Response to William Webster on Esdras

By John Betts Protestant apologist William Webster has finally responded to the article I wrote in 2004, entitled Esdras & The Early Church: A Response to William Webster. Yet unfortunately this ‘response’ is essentially a re-posting of his original material that fails to substantiate his assertions and repeatedly misrepresents or

John of Hyrcanus Among the Prophets?

Jewish historian Flavius Josephus writes about a high priest during the reign of Antiochus Epiphanes IV and the Maccabean period, named John Hyrcanus. The historian claims that Hyrcanus was given the gift of prophecy and that God spoke to him and enabled him to foretell future events. Here’s what

The Holy Eucharist In the Early Church

The following excerpt is taken from the late Christian historian Jaroslav Pelikan’s book, The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Vol. 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100-600), published by University of Chicago Press in 1975, pp.166-171. All emphasis will be mine. The same

St. Augustine, Trinity & Filioque Pt. 2

The following is taken from St. Augustine’s On the Trinity Book 5 (V). All emphasis will be mine. Chapter 8.— Whatever is Spoken of God According to Substance, is Spoken of Each Person Severally, and Together of the Trinity Itself. One Essence in God, and Three, in Greek, Hypostases,

Rashi & Messianic Prooftexts

In this post I will be citing from The Complete Tanakh (Tanach) – Hebrew Bible with Rashi Commentary in respect to particular Old Testament passages, which this renowned medieval Rabbi interpreted as being messianic prophecies. All emphasis will be mine. Gen. 15:11 and Abram drove them away. Heb. וַיַ

ICONS IN THE EARLY CHURCH

In this post I will cite some 2nd–4th Christian references testifying to the usage and veneration of sacred icons and images such as crosses. All emphasis will be mine. TERTULLIAN Chapter 16 For, like some others, you are under the delusion that our god is an ass’s head.

Avodah Zerah and the Messiah

In this post I will be sharing excerpts from a rabbinic writing named Avodah Zerah in respect to the Messiah. According to this source, the Messiah was to show up two thousand years from the giving of the Torah, which would coincide right around the time Jesus appeared. It states

Gamaliel Cites Jesus?

There is an interesting anecdote found in the Babylonian Talmud where the renowned rabbi Gamaliel, who was the son of another prominent rabbi named Hillel, quoted the words of our Lord Jesus Christ. Here’s the Talmudic extract: לְמָחָר הֲדַר עַיֵּיל לֵיהּ

1 Cor. 3:11-15: Believers as the Works of God

In this post I will examine the blessed and holy Apostle Paul’s warning to the Corinthians regarding sectarianism and the judgement that believers must undergo before entering into final salvation/glorification. My focus will be to show that the works that Paul had in mind are actually individuals who

MORE QURANIC PROOF FOR THE TORAH’S PRESERVATION

In this post I will be looking at two Quranic verses, which provide further corroboration that the Quran emphatically confirms the incorruptibility of the previous Scriptures, particularly the Torah. Q. 2:85 After this, it is you who kill one another and drive out a party of you from their